{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386598355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip49359.2023.10222180","title":"Quantifiable Robustness Estimation for Object Detection with CNNs Using Intrinsic Dimensionality","display_name":"Quantifiable Robustness Estimation for Object Detection with CNNs Using Intrinsic Dimensionality","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386598355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip49359.2023.10222180"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip49359.2023.10222180","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip49359.2023.10222180","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087588602","display_name":"Axel Vierling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8984-3797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73114660","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkqa017","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73114660"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Axel Vierling","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kaiserslautern-Landau,Robotics Research Lab Department of Computer Science,Germany","Robotics Research Lab Department of Computer Science, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kaiserslautern-Landau,Robotics Research Lab Department of Computer Science,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73114660","https://openalex.org/I153267046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Research Lab Department of Computer Science, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039158344","display_name":"Ajay Chawda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73114660","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkqa017","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73114660"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ajay Chawda","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kaiserslautern-Landau,Robotics Research Lab Department of Computer Science,Germany","Robotics Research Lab Department of Computer Science, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kaiserslautern-Landau,Robotics Research Lab Department of Computer Science,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73114660","https://openalex.org/I153267046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Research Lab Department of Computer Science, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104167365","display_name":"Mahesh Kashyap Belakavadi Manjunath","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73114660","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkqa017","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73114660"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahesh Kashyap Belakavadi Manjunath","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kaiserslautern-Landau,Robotics Research Lab Department of Computer Science,Germany","Robotics Research Lab Department of Computer Science, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kaiserslautern-Landau,Robotics Research Lab Department of Computer Science,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73114660","https://openalex.org/I153267046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Research Lab Department of Computer Science, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027711778","display_name":"Karsten Berns","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9080-1404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73114660","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkqa017","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73114660"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karsten Berns","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kaiserslautern-Landau,Robotics Research Lab Department of Computer Science,Germany","Robotics Research Lab Department of Computer Science, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kaiserslautern-Landau,Robotics Research Lab Department of Computer Science,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73114660","https://openalex.org/I153267046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Research Lab Department of Computer Science, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10391015,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":null,"first_page":"1605","last_page":"1609"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.811711311340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7991739511489868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7127381563186646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6909089088439941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5817897319793701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5489988923072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.49289965629577637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.47297704219818115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-and-recall","display_name":"Precision and recall","score":0.4463978409767151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.44168218970298767}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.811711311340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7991739511489868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7127381563186646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6909089088439941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5817897319793701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5489988923072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.49289965629577637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.47297704219818115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.4463978409767151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.44168218970298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip49359.2023.10222180","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip49359.2023.10222180","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W830575572","https://openalex.org/W1643394482","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2037227137","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2566045288","https://openalex.org/W2754478492","https://openalex.org/W2896864567","https://openalex.org/W2946857231","https://openalex.org/W2968296999","https://openalex.org/W3010334993","https://openalex.org/W3090266837","https://openalex.org/W3102071994","https://openalex.org/W3104335155","https://openalex.org/W3119190089","https://openalex.org/W3164709122","https://openalex.org/W4253525579","https://openalex.org/W4288281368","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6623492246","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6762865300","https://openalex.org/W6766313662"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995622179","https://openalex.org/W1484111231","https://openalex.org/W4391160746","https://openalex.org/W1552543208","https://openalex.org/W2074396517","https://openalex.org/W2166963679","https://openalex.org/W2187269125","https://openalex.org/W1641615907","https://openalex.org/W3089231081","https://openalex.org/W2093956241"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Interpreting":[0],"the":[1,27,40,44,72,75,83,112,115,120,130,133,136],"results":[2,76],"of":[3,30,43,74,82,114,135],"Convolutional":[4],"Neural":[5],"Networks":[6],"remains":[7],"a":[8,36,103],"challenging":[9],"task.":[10],"Quantitative":[11],"evaluations":[12],"apart":[13],"from":[14,129],"precision,":[15],"recall,":[16],"and":[17,22,47,96,100,132],"their":[18],"extensions":[19],"are":[20,126],"rare":[21],"usually":[23],"do":[24],"not":[25,127],"cover":[26],"necessary":[28],"aspects":[29],"specific":[31,104],"applications.":[32],"In":[33],"this":[34],"work,":[35],"methodology":[37,56,137],"based":[38],"on":[39,102],"intrinsic":[41,84,116],"dimensionality":[42,85],"image":[45],"space":[46,49],"latent":[48],"in":[50,60,93],"multiple":[51,94,98,108],"layers":[52],"is":[53,66,77,86],"presented.":[54],"This":[55],"has":[57],"been":[58],"used":[59],"other":[61],"literature":[62],"for":[63,89],"classification":[64],"but":[65],"leveraged":[67],"to":[68],"object":[69],"detection":[70],"where":[71],"interpretation":[73],"more":[78],"complex.":[79],"The":[80],"suitability":[81,134],"evaluated":[87],"first":[88],"general":[90],"augmentation":[91],"techniques":[92],"datasets":[95],"with":[97,107],"networks":[99],"later":[101],"use":[105],"case":[106],"disturbances":[109],"included.":[110],"With":[111],"help":[113],"dimensionality,":[117],"conclusions":[118],"about":[119],"robustness":[121],"can":[122],"be":[123],"drawn":[124],"which":[125],"apparent":[128],"precision":[131],"as":[138],"an":[139],"auxiliary":[140],"quantifiable":[141],"metric":[142],"therefore":[143],"shown.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
