{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308235820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip46576.2022.9897629","title":"Explainable AI (XAI) In Biomedical Signal and Image Processing: Promises and Challenges","display_name":"Explainable AI (XAI) In Biomedical Signal and Image Processing: Promises and Challenges","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308235820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip46576.2022.9897629"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip46576.2022.9897629","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip46576.2022.9897629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607719","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100436460","display_name":"Guang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7344-7733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101049","display_name":"Lung Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/016978714","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101049"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Heart and Lung Institute,Imperial College,London,UK","Imperial College, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Heart and Lung Institute,Imperial College,London,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103572065","display_name":"Arvind Rao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arvind Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan,Dept. of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics,Ann Arbor,USA","Dept. of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan,Dept. of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics,Ann Arbor,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113834159","display_name":"Christine Fern\u00e1ndez-Maloigne","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32881790","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Poitiers","ror":"https://ror.org/04xhy8q59","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32881790"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine Fernandez-Maloigne","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Poitiers and CNRS,I3M Laboratory,France","I3M Laboratory, University of Poitiers and CNRS, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Poitiers and CNRS,I3M Laboratory,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32881790","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"I3M Laboratory, University of Poitiers and CNRS, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32881790","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032850756","display_name":"Vince D. Calhoun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9058-0747"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133909","display_name":"Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science","ror":"https://ror.org/02qx6zf82","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444","https://openalex.org/I150468666","https://openalex.org/I181565077","https://openalex.org/I4210133909"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vince Calhoun","raw_affiliation_strings":["TReNDS Center,Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory,Atlanta,GA,USA","Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory, TReNDS Center, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TReNDS Center,Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory,Atlanta,GA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133909"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory, TReNDS Center, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444","https://openalex.org/I4210133909"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042078827","display_name":"Gloria Menegaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6889-3461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119439378","display_name":"University of Verona","ror":"https://ror.org/039bp8j42","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gloria Menegaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Verona,Dept. of Computer Science,Italy","Dept. of Computer Science, University of Verona, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Verona,Dept. of Computer Science,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, University of Verona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2457,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81881792,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1531","last_page":"1535"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7785570621490479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.7197884917259216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6922138333320618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5776098370552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.5668253898620605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.5332949161529541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5306412577629089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.46431776881217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.42992857098579407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.42109936475753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33483195304870605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.28987300395965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.10571572184562683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7785570621490479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7197884917259216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6922138333320618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5776098370552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.5668253898620605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.5332949161529541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5306412577629089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.46431776881217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.42992857098579407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.42109936475753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33483195304870605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.28987300395965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.10571572184562683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip46576.2022.9897629","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip46576.2022.9897629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607719","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G207202694","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MC_PC_21013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309652","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2150723711","https://openalex.org/W2420245003","https://openalex.org/W2594475271","https://openalex.org/W2927351257","https://openalex.org/W2956993163","https://openalex.org/W2976981404","https://openalex.org/W2977685912","https://openalex.org/W2981731882","https://openalex.org/W3009640614","https://openalex.org/W3010138595","https://openalex.org/W3010910782","https://openalex.org/W3016088911","https://openalex.org/W3017066732","https://openalex.org/W3035196444","https://openalex.org/W3094272371","https://openalex.org/W3098786448","https://openalex.org/W3105107900","https://openalex.org/W3116286104","https://openalex.org/W3189411510","https://openalex.org/W3191029526","https://openalex.org/W3203298001","https://openalex.org/W4200246745","https://openalex.org/W4207005188","https://openalex.org/W4321786089","https://openalex.org/W6717082673","https://openalex.org/W6734862562","https://openalex.org/W6736518430","https://openalex.org/W6785850824"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4380075502","https://openalex.org/W2790662084","https://openalex.org/W4223943233","https://openalex.org/W4312200629","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4380086463","https://openalex.org/W4225161397","https://openalex.org/W3014300295","https://openalex.org/W3164822677"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"intelligence":[1],"has":[2,26],"become":[3],"pervasive":[4],"across":[5],"disciplines":[6],"and":[7,9,12,20,44,49,63,104,114,135,148],"fields,":[8],"biomedical":[10,46,132],"image":[11],"signal":[13],"processing":[14,134],"is":[15,33,79,158],"no":[16],"exception.":[17],"The":[18],"growing":[19],"widespread":[21],"interest":[22,118],"on":[23,129,142],"the":[24,69,73,85,101,120,152],"topic":[25],"triggered":[27],"a":[28],"vast":[29],"research":[30,38],"activity":[31],"that":[32,157],"reflected":[34],"in":[35,71,84,131,145,162],"an":[36,127,138],"exponential":[37],"effort.":[39],"Through":[40],"study":[41],"of":[42,151],"massive":[43],"diverse":[45],"data,":[47],"machine":[48],"deep":[50],"learning":[51],"models":[52,102],"have":[53,109],"revolutionized":[54],"various":[55],"tasks":[56],"such":[57],"as":[58],"modeling,":[59],"segmentation,":[60],"registration,":[61],"classification":[62],"synthesis,":[64],"outperforming":[65],"traditional":[66],"techniques.":[67],"However,":[68],"difficulty":[70],"translating":[72],"results":[74],"into":[75],"biologically/clinically":[76],"interpretable":[77,103],"information":[78],"preventing":[80],"their":[81],"full":[82],"exploitation":[83],"field.":[86],"Explainable":[87],"AI":[88],"(XAI)":[89],"attempts":[90],"to":[91,99,137,160],"fill":[92],"this":[93],"translational":[94],"gap":[95],"by":[96],"providing":[97,105,126],"means":[98],"make":[100],"explanations.":[106],"Different":[107],"solutions":[108],"been":[110],"proposed":[111],"so":[112],"far":[113],"are":[115],"gaining":[116],"increasing":[117],"from":[119],"community.":[121],"This":[122],"paper":[123],"aims":[124],"at":[125],"overview":[128],"XAI":[130],"data":[133],"points":[136],"upcoming":[139],"Special":[140],"Issue":[141],"Deep":[143],"Learning":[144],"Biomedical":[146],"Image":[147],"Signal":[149,154],"Processing":[150,155],"IEEE":[153],"Magazine":[156],"going":[159],"appear":[161],"March":[163],"2022.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-16T09:24:06.705377","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}