{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308233807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip46576.2022.9897599","title":"Smile: Sequence-to-Sequence Domain Adaptation with Minimizing Latent Entropy for Text Image Recognition","display_name":"Smile: Sequence-to-Sequence Domain Adaptation with Minimizing Latent Entropy for Text Image Recognition","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308233807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip46576.2022.9897599"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip46576.2022.9897599","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip46576.2022.9897599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607719","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040347171","display_name":"Yen-Cheng Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087940","display_name":"Technology Holding (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/005mr0595","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087940"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yen-Cheng Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["E.SUN Financial Holding CO., LTD.,Taiwan","E.SUN Financial Holding CO., LTD., Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"E.SUN Financial Holding CO., LTD.,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"E.SUN Financial Holding CO., LTD., Taiwan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006096139","display_name":"Yi\u2010Chang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1380-3737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087940","display_name":"Technology Holding (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/005mr0595","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087940"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Chang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["E.SUN Financial Holding CO., LTD.,Taiwan","E.SUN Financial Holding CO., LTD., Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"E.SUN Financial Holding CO., LTD.,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"E.SUN Financial Holding CO., LTD., Taiwan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006771744","display_name":"Yu\u2010Chuan Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-0930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087940","display_name":"Technology Holding (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/005mr0595","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087940"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Chuan Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["E.SUN Financial Holding CO., LTD.,Taiwan","E.SUN Financial Holding CO., LTD., Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"E.SUN Financial Holding CO., LTD.,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"E.SUN Financial Holding CO., LTD., Taiwan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024171815","display_name":"Yi-Ren Yeh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135551196","display_name":"National Kaohsiung Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsc8g87","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135551196"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Ren Yeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Kaohsiung Normal University,Department of Mathematics,Taiwan","Department of Mathematics, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Kaohsiung Normal University,Department of Mathematics,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135551196"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135551196"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040347171"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087940"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4195,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7081135,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"431","last_page":"435"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7322134971618652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6311969757080078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.6060636639595032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.5919535756111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-adaptation","display_name":"Domain adaptation","score":0.5716680288314819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5466769337654114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5060338377952576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5057628154754639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.45840907096862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-recognition","display_name":"Text recognition","score":0.43541523814201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3743434548377991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.35220569372177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14509984850883484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.09063833951950073}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7322134971618652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6311969757080078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6060636639595032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.5919535756111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776434776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19246213","display_name":"Domain adaptation","level":3,"score":0.5716680288314819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5466769337654114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5060338377952576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5057628154754639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45840907096862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983812711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Text recognition","level":3,"score":0.43541523814201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3743434548377991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.35220569372177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14509984850883484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.09063833951950073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip46576.2022.9897599","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip46576.2022.9897599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607719","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2194187530","https://openalex.org/W2343052201","https://openalex.org/W2593572697","https://openalex.org/W2593768305","https://openalex.org/W2750938222","https://openalex.org/W2767179670","https://openalex.org/W2788069964","https://openalex.org/W2788768841","https://openalex.org/W2810983211","https://openalex.org/W2959965583","https://openalex.org/W2963517393","https://openalex.org/W2964288524","https://openalex.org/W2985406498","https://openalex.org/W2986381065","https://openalex.org/W2987563462","https://openalex.org/W3004846386","https://openalex.org/W3106271744","https://openalex.org/W3137525302","https://openalex.org/W3216375096","https://openalex.org/W6629590909","https://openalex.org/W6634239167","https://openalex.org/W6639480849","https://openalex.org/W6681588610","https://openalex.org/W6744310024","https://openalex.org/W6804009826"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361861616","https://openalex.org/W2263699433","https://openalex.org/W2377979023","https://openalex.org/W2218034408","https://openalex.org/W2392921965","https://openalex.org/W2358755282","https://openalex.org/W2625833328","https://openalex.org/W1533177136","https://openalex.org/W4380994516","https://openalex.org/W2251519152"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Excellent":[0],"text":[1,16,32,66,107],"recognition":[2,9,98,108],"results":[3,90,99],"have":[4],"been":[5],"obtained":[6],"by":[7],"training":[8],"models":[10,84],"with":[11,85],"synthetic":[12,29],"images.":[13,33],"However,":[14],"recognizing":[15],"from":[17],"real-world":[18,31],"images":[19],"still":[20],"faces":[21],"challenges":[22],"due":[23],"to":[24,36,50,65],"the":[25,51,101],"domain":[26,39,46],"shift":[27],"between":[28],"and":[30],"One":[34],"strategy":[35],"eliminate":[37],"this":[38,70],"difference":[40],"without":[41],"manual":[42],"annotation":[43],"is":[44],"unsupervised":[45],"adaptation":[47],"(UDA).":[48],"Due":[49],"characteristics":[52],"of":[53],"sequential":[54],"labeling":[55],"tasks,":[56],"most":[57,105],"popular":[58],"UDA":[59,75,106],"methods":[60,103],"cannot":[61],"be":[62],"directly":[63],"applied":[64],"recognition.":[67],"To":[68],"tackle":[69],"problem,":[71],"we":[72],"proposed":[73,94],"a":[74],"method":[76],"that":[77,92],"minimizes":[78],"latent":[79],"entropy":[80],"on":[81,104],"sequence-to-sequence":[82],"attention-based":[83],"class-balanced":[86],"self-paced":[87],"learning.":[88],"Experimental":[89],"show":[91],"our":[93],"framework":[95],"achieves":[96],"better":[97],"than":[100],"existing":[102],"benchmarks.":[109],"All":[110],"codes":[111],"are":[112],"publicly":[113],"available":[114],"<sup":[115],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[116],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">1</sup>":[117],".":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
