{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308238266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip46576.2022.9897253","title":"Investigating Explainable Artificial Intelligence for MRI-based Classification of Dementia: a New Stability Criterion for Explainable Methods","display_name":"Investigating Explainable Artificial Intelligence for MRI-based Classification of Dementia: a New Stability Criterion for Explainable Methods","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308238266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip46576.2022.9897253"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip46576.2022.9897253","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip46576.2022.9897253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607719","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021895255","display_name":"Ahmed Salih","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0871-8282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119439378","display_name":"University of Verona","ror":"https://ror.org/039bp8j42","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149920","display_name":"William Harvey Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0574dzy90","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079","https://openalex.org/I4210149920"]}],"countries":["GB","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Salih","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Verona,Dept. Computer Science,Italy","Dept. Computer Science, University of Verona, Italy","William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Verona,Dept. Computer Science,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Computer Science, University of Verona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079","https://openalex.org/I4210149920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082628560","display_name":"Ilaria Boscolo Galazzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4153-3749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119439378","display_name":"University of Verona","ror":"https://ror.org/039bp8j42","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilaria Boscolo Galazzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Verona,Dept. Computer Science,Italy","Dept. Computer Science, University of Verona, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Verona,Dept. Computer Science,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Computer Science, University of Verona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091352402","display_name":"Federica Cruciani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7258-1463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119439378","display_name":"University of Verona","ror":"https://ror.org/039bp8j42","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federica Cruciani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Verona,Dept. Computer Science,Italy","Dept. Computer Science, University of Verona, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Verona,Dept. Computer Science,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Computer Science, University of Verona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003571740","display_name":"Lorenza Brusini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5357-5180"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119439378","display_name":"University of Verona","ror":"https://ror.org/039bp8j42","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorenza Brusini","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Verona,Dept. Computer Science,Italy","Dept. Computer Science, University of Verona, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Verona,Dept. Computer Science,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Computer Science, University of Verona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083867344","display_name":"Petia Radeva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0047-5172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153096","display_name":"Computer Vision Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00s0nnj93","country_code":null,"type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4387153096"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71999127","display_name":"Universitat de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/021018s57","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petia Radeva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat de Barcelona, Spain and Computer Vision Center, Cerdanyola del Vall&#x00E9;s,Dept. de Matem&#x00E0;tiques i Inform&#x00E0;tica,Barcelona,Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat de Barcelona, Spain and Computer Vision Center, Cerdanyola del Vall&#x00E9;s,Dept. de Matem&#x00E0;tiques i Inform&#x00E0;tica,Barcelona,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153096","https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2051,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93559545,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4003","last_page":"4007"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7151041030883789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dementia","display_name":"Dementia","score":0.6955329179763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6758987307548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.626806378364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5753090977668762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.44063448905944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.41018903255462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.2942329943180084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.11950471997261047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.08825728297233582}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7151041030883789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.6955329179763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6758987307548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.626806378364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5753090977668762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.44063448905944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.41018903255462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.2942329943180084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11950471997261047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.08825728297233582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip46576.2022.9897253","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip46576.2022.9897253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607719","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qmro.qmul.ac.uk:123456789/84904","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/84904","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400530","display_name":"Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","host_organization_name":"Queen Mary University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Proceeding"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2122328291","https://openalex.org/W2594475271","https://openalex.org/W2914848344","https://openalex.org/W2970447476","https://openalex.org/W2981731882","https://openalex.org/W2995523160","https://openalex.org/W3022298391","https://openalex.org/W3116286104","https://openalex.org/W3146613606","https://openalex.org/W3149253096","https://openalex.org/W3162199380","https://openalex.org/W3163248728","https://openalex.org/W3171159528","https://openalex.org/W3176694107","https://openalex.org/W3177894841","https://openalex.org/W3196831580","https://openalex.org/W6734194636","https://openalex.org/W6734862562","https://openalex.org/W6767229288","https://openalex.org/W6770187502"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2409059799","https://openalex.org/W1972242255","https://openalex.org/W2890927416","https://openalex.org/W2128765271","https://openalex.org/W2966412519","https://openalex.org/W1993101344","https://openalex.org/W2775021631","https://openalex.org/W2028416698","https://openalex.org/W4386564352","https://openalex.org/W2952668426"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Individuals":[0],"diagnosed":[1],"with":[2,99,153],"Mild":[3],"Cognitive":[4],"Impairment":[5],"(MCI)":[6],"have":[7,36],"shown":[8],"an":[9],"increased":[10],"risk":[11],"of":[12,21,51,124,147],"developing":[13],"Alzheimer\u2019s":[14],"Disease":[15],"(AD).":[16],"As":[17],"such,":[18],"early":[19],"identification":[20],"dementia":[22],"represents":[23,74],"a":[24,49,117],"key":[25],"prognostic":[26],"element,":[27],"though":[28],"hampered":[29],"by":[30,128],"complex":[31],"disease":[32],"patterns.":[33],"Increasing":[34],"efforts":[35],"focused":[37],"on":[38,48],"Machine":[39],"Learning":[40],"(ML)":[41],"to":[42,63,82,104,120,143],"build":[43],"accurate":[44],"classification":[45,107],"models":[46],"relying":[47],"multitude":[50],"clinical/imaging":[52],"variables.":[53],"However,":[54],"ML":[55,84,97],"itself":[56],"does":[57],"not":[58],"provide":[59],"sensible":[60],"explanations":[61],"related":[62],"the":[64,75,111,122,145,148],"model":[65],"mechanism":[66],"and":[67,86,102,109],"feature":[68,125],"contribution.":[69],"Explainable":[70],"Artificial":[71],"Intelligence":[72],"(XAI)":[73],"enabling":[76],"technology":[77],"in":[78],"this":[79,91,106],"framework,":[80],"allowing":[81],"understand":[83],"outcomes":[85],"derive":[87],"human-understandable":[88],"explanations.":[89],"In":[90,113],"study,":[92],"we":[93,115],"aimed":[94],"at":[95],"exploring":[96],"combined":[98],"MRI-based":[100],"features":[101,150],"XAI":[103,129],"solve":[105],"problem":[108],"interpret":[110],"outcome.":[112],"particular,":[114],"propose":[116],"new":[118],"method":[119,140],"assess":[121],"robustness":[123],"rankings":[126],"provided":[127],"methods,":[130],"especially":[131],"when":[132],"multicollinearity":[133],"exists.":[134],"Our":[135],"findings":[136],"indicate":[137],"that":[138],"our":[139],"was":[141],"able":[142],"disentangle":[144],"list":[146],"informative":[149],"underlying":[151],"dementia,":[152],"important":[154],"implications":[155],"for":[156],"aiding":[157],"personalized":[158],"monitoring":[159],"plans.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
