{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3185142700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip42928.2021.9506635","title":"Distributional Shifts In Automated Diabetic Retinopathy Screening","display_name":"Distributional Shifts In Automated Diabetic Retinopathy Screening","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3185142700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip42928.2021.9506635","mag":"3185142700"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip42928.2021.9506635","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip42928.2021.9506635","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.11822","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077772764","display_name":"Jay Nandy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8559-4810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jay Nandy","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore,School of Computing","National University of Singapore,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore,School of Computing","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051209739","display_name":"Wynne Hsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4142-8893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wynne Hs","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore,School of Computing","National University of Singapore,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore,School of Computing","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019988958","display_name":"Mong Li Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9636-388X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mong Li Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore,School of Computing","National University of Singapore,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore,School of Computing","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13381498,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"255","last_page":"259"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability-theory","display_name":"Generalizability theory","score":0.7699165344238281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7036065459251404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6806056499481201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retina","display_name":"Retina","score":0.6422291398048401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","score":0.6009067296981812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5279639959335327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5202385187149048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dirichlet-distribution","display_name":"Dirichlet distribution","score":0.4665068984031677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4442657232284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinopathy","display_name":"Retinopathy","score":0.4310581088066101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4176875650882721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3434118628501892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.17603909969329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11752629280090332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10243561863899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.07473492622375488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.06720581650733948}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.7699165344238281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7036065459251404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6806056499481201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retina","level":2,"score":0.6422291398048401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.6009067296981812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5279639959335327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5202385187149048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169214877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q981016","display_name":"Dirichlet distribution","level":3,"score":0.4665068984031677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4442657232284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778313320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550455","display_name":"Retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.4310581088066101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4176875650882721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3434118628501892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.17603909969329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11752629280090332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10243561863899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.07473492622375488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.06720581650733948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182310444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332643","display_name":"Boundary value problem","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip42928.2021.9506635","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip42928.2021.9506635","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2107.11822","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2107.11822","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.11822","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3185142700","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/2107.11822","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2107.11822","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2107.11822","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.17023/jx28-t656","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17023/jx28-t656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051697","display_name":"IEEE RESOURCE CENTERS","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Audiovisual"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2107.11822","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2107.11822","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.11822","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5117244185","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AISG-RP-2018-008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5588925999","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AISG-GC-2019-001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3185142700.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3185142700.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W967544008","https://openalex.org/W1969496006","https://openalex.org/W2047643928","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2115531174","https://openalex.org/W2118858186","https://openalex.org/W2162651021","https://openalex.org/W2234307896","https://openalex.org/W2531327146","https://openalex.org/W2571752203","https://openalex.org/W2772246530","https://openalex.org/W2903662607","https://openalex.org/W2904981516","https://openalex.org/W2912237282","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2963060032","https://openalex.org/W2963207607","https://openalex.org/W2963238274","https://openalex.org/W2963298074","https://openalex.org/W2964153729","https://openalex.org/W2965892258","https://openalex.org/W3089623869","https://openalex.org/W3098801583","https://openalex.org/W3104140305","https://openalex.org/W3165015605","https://openalex.org/W6625168331","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6677919164","https://openalex.org/W6728622933","https://openalex.org/W6730042731","https://openalex.org/W6756921947","https://openalex.org/W6757555829","https://openalex.org/W6757615711","https://openalex.org/W6758930985","https://openalex.org/W6763291628","https://openalex.org/W6780666095","https://openalex.org/W6784485370","https://openalex.org/W6796008566"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3195002394","https://openalex.org/W3153976901","https://openalex.org/W3023760951","https://openalex.org/W3135206623","https://openalex.org/W3156316671","https://openalex.org/W2793597870","https://openalex.org/W2951914709","https://openalex.org/W2960912808","https://openalex.org/W3134954165","https://openalex.org/W3119612757","https://openalex.org/W2906933145","https://openalex.org/W3201739652","https://openalex.org/W2977305507","https://openalex.org/W3198116305","https://openalex.org/W2563809312","https://openalex.org/W3189955102","https://openalex.org/W3214159892","https://openalex.org/W2996260191","https://openalex.org/W85794863","https://openalex.org/W2789829293"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning-based":[1],"models":[2],"are":[3],"developed":[4],"to":[5,66,82],"automatically":[6],"detect":[7],"if":[8,36],"a":[9,41,44,49,61,78],"retina":[10,42,109],"image":[11,55],"is":[12,39,56],"\u2018referable\u2019":[13],"in":[14],"diabetic":[15],"retinopathy":[16],"(DR)":[17],"screening.":[18],"However,":[19],"their":[20,31],"classification":[21,80],"accuracy":[22],"degrades":[23],"as":[24],"the":[25,37,54,95,100,106],"input":[26,38],"images":[27,103,110],"distributionally":[28,107],"shift":[29],"from":[30],"training":[32],"distribution.":[33],"Further,":[34],"even":[35],"not":[40],"image,":[43],"standard":[45],"DR":[46,79],"classifier":[47],"produces":[48],"high":[50],"confident":[51],"prediction":[52],"that":[53,94],"\u2018referable\u2019.":[57],"Our":[58],"paper":[59],"presents":[60],"Dirichlet":[62],"Prior":[63],"Network-based":[64],"framework":[65,97],"address":[67],"this":[68],"issue.":[69],"It":[70],"utilizes":[71],"an":[72],"out-of-distribution":[73],"(OOD)":[74],"detector":[75],"model":[76,81],"and":[77,104],"improve":[83],"generalizability":[84],"by":[85],"identifying":[86],"OOD":[87],"images.":[88],"Experiments":[89],"on":[90],"real-world":[91],"datasets":[92],"indicate":[93],"proposed":[96],"can":[98],"eliminate":[99],"unknown":[101],"non-retina":[102],"identify":[105],"shifted":[108],"for":[111],"human":[112],"intervention.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
