{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2912239483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2019.8803739","title":"Degraf-Flow: Extending Degraf Features for Accurate and Efficient Sparse-To-Dense Optical Flow Estimation","display_name":"Degraf-Flow: Extending Degraf Features for Accurate and Efficient Sparse-To-Dense Optical Flow Estimation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2912239483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2019.8803739","mag":"2912239483"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2019.8803739","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2019.8803739","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.09971","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029102630","display_name":"Felix Stephenson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Felix Stephenson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Durham University, Durham, UK","Durham University, UK;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Durham University, Durham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Durham University, UK;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045115593","display_name":"Toby P. Breckon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1666-7590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toby P. Breckon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Durham University, Durham, UK","Durham University, UK;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Durham University, Durham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Durham University, UK;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032890023","display_name":"Ioannis Katramados","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154156","display_name":"NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02xgxme97","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154156"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36523846","display_name":"Stenden University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/026xbkx09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36523846"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146109","display_name":"Stenden University Qatar","ror":"https://ror.org/03gaka986","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146109"]}],"countries":["NL","QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioannis Katramados","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, Netherlands","NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, NETHERLANDS"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36523846"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, NETHERLANDS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146109","https://openalex.org/I36523846","https://openalex.org/I4387154156"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029102630"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00811003,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"1277","last_page":"1281"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-flow","display_name":"Optical flow","score":0.7720369100570679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6804810166358948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6666135787963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.5699129700660706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5502307415008545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.49103403091430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.44540396332740784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.4311315417289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.42651939392089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4228835105895996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3778298497200012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.34271201491355896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2278394103050232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.20080828666687012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.10537207126617432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155542232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736111","display_name":"Optical flow","level":3,"score":0.7720369100570679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6804810166358948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6666135787963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5699129700660706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5502307415008545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.49103403091430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.44540396332740784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.4311315417289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.42651939392089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4228835105895996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3778298497200012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.34271201491355896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2278394103050232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.20080828666687012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10537207126617432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2019.8803739","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2019.8803739","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.dur.ac.uk.OAI2:28333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dro.dur.ac.uk/28333/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196258","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":" 2019 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) ; proceedings. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, pp. 1277-1281","raw_type":"Book chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1901.09971","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1901.09971","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.09971","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:1142683","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1142683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1901.09971","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1901.09971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:2912239483","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1901.09971","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1901.09971","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.09971","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55377555","https://openalex.org/W1513100184","https://openalex.org/W1565206031","https://openalex.org/W1578285471","https://openalex.org/W1578985305","https://openalex.org/W1596812151","https://openalex.org/W1904063580","https://openalex.org/W1921093919","https://openalex.org/W1951289974","https://openalex.org/W2000305870","https://openalex.org/W2001862790","https://openalex.org/W2007102905","https://openalex.org/W2044744513","https://openalex.org/W2059612594","https://openalex.org/W2090518410","https://openalex.org/W2103031616","https://openalex.org/W2111308925","https://openalex.org/W2113221323","https://openalex.org/W2117228865","https://openalex.org/W2118877769","https://openalex.org/W2119605622","https://openalex.org/W2131747574","https://openalex.org/W2147253850","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2170282673","https://openalex.org/W2221502561","https://openalex.org/W2295628903","https://openalex.org/W2299400169","https://openalex.org/W2507766942","https://openalex.org/W2513241981","https://openalex.org/W2516446423","https://openalex.org/W2544243493","https://openalex.org/W2611574470","https://openalex.org/W2612774697","https://openalex.org/W2614593350","https://openalex.org/W2727459456","https://openalex.org/W2737529999","https://openalex.org/W2738028674","https://openalex.org/W2751023760","https://openalex.org/W2762782396","https://openalex.org/W2793114969","https://openalex.org/W2963305757","https://openalex.org/W2963317244","https://openalex.org/W6630726011","https://openalex.org/W6633567737","https://openalex.org/W6634902294","https://openalex.org/W6650443596","https://openalex.org/W6673243404","https://openalex.org/W6677548441","https://openalex.org/W6725205940","https://openalex.org/W6740530034"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1904063580","https://openalex.org/W3195191785","https://openalex.org/W3207432009","https://openalex.org/W3116155102","https://openalex.org/W3149304110","https://openalex.org/W2953504521","https://openalex.org/W2168400178","https://openalex.org/W2295628903","https://openalex.org/W2049264876","https://openalex.org/W2170506283","https://openalex.org/W347772299","https://openalex.org/W3209203437","https://openalex.org/W2441099548","https://openalex.org/W2608587748","https://openalex.org/W2034211202","https://openalex.org/W2727459456","https://openalex.org/W3042019369","https://openalex.org/W2137549153","https://openalex.org/W988642845","https://openalex.org/W2472768686"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modern":[0],"optical":[1,22,66,92,106,119,149],"flow":[2,23,38,67,93,99,120,150],"methods":[3],"make":[4],"use":[5,52],"of":[6,71,77,113,137,147,173],"salient":[7],"scene":[8,16],"feature":[9,26,87,126,138],"points":[10],"detected":[11],"and":[12,95,111],"matched":[13],"within":[14,128],"the":[15,42,53,61,134,145,190],"as":[17,60],"a":[18,64,184],"basis":[19],"for":[20,44],"sparse-to-dense":[21,65],"estimation.":[24],"Current":[25],"detectors":[27,127],"however":[28],"either":[29],"give":[30],"sparse,":[31],"non":[32],"uniform":[33],"point":[34],"clouds":[35],"(resulting":[36],"in":[37,161,171,187],"inaccuracies)":[39],"or":[40],"lack":[41],"efficiency":[43,178],"frame-rate":[45],"real-time":[46,148],"applications.":[47],"In":[48],"this":[49,129],"work":[50],"we":[51],"novel":[54],"Dense":[55,80],"Gradient":[56,81],"Based":[57,82],"Features":[58,83],"(DeGraF)":[59,84],"input":[62],"to":[63,102,123,144],"scheme.":[68],"This":[69],"consists":[70],"three":[72,130],"stages:":[73],"1)":[74],"efficient":[75],"detection":[76,139],"uniformly":[78],"distributed":[79],"[1];":[85],"2)":[86],"tracking":[88],"via":[89],"robust":[90],"local":[91],"[2];":[94],"3)":[96],"edge":[97],"preserving":[98],"interpolation":[100],"[3]":[101],"recover":[103],"overall":[104],"dense":[105,118],"flow.":[107],"The":[108],"tunable":[109],"density":[110],"uniformity":[112],"DeGraF":[114],"features":[115],"yield":[116],"superior":[117],"estimation":[121],"compared":[122],"other":[124],"popular":[125],"stage":[131],"pipeline.":[132],"Furthermore,":[133],"comparable":[135],"speed":[136,188],"also":[140],"lends":[141],"itself":[142],"well":[143],"aim":[146],"recovery.":[151],"Evaluation":[152],"on":[153],"established":[154],"real-world":[155],"benchmark":[156],"datasets":[157],"show":[158],"test":[159],"performance":[160],"an":[162],"autonomous":[163],"vehicle":[164],"setting":[165],"where":[166],"DeGraF-Flow":[167],"shows":[168],"promising":[169],"results":[170],"terms":[172],"accuracy":[174],"with":[175],"competitive":[176],"computational":[177],"among":[179],"non-GPU":[180],"based":[181],"methods,":[182],"including":[183],"marked":[185],"increase":[186],"over":[189],"conceptually":[191],"similar":[192],"EpicFlow":[193],"approach":[194],"[3].":[195]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
