{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2970920036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2019.8803031","title":"Early Signs Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Scans Based on 3D Multi-Path Convolutional Neural Network","display_name":"Early Signs Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Scans Based on 3D Multi-Path Convolutional Neural Network","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2970920036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2019.8803031","mag":"2970920036"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2019.8803031","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2019.8803031","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045690893","display_name":"Nabila Eladawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6403-0044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nabila Eladawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066199951","display_name":"Mohammed Elmogy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2504-6051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Elmogy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020634024","display_name":"Mohammed Ghazal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9045-6698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117222138","display_name":"Abu Dhabi University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r3kjq03","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Ghazal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056168396","display_name":"Luay Fraiwan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117222138","display_name":"Abu Dhabi University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r3kjq03","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luay Fraiwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063904827","display_name":"Ahmed Aboelfetouh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9038-6159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Aboelfetouh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054076294","display_name":"A. M. R\u0131ad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0091-3083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alaa Riad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028075433","display_name":"Harpal S. Sandhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5500-8910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harpal Sandhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043602973","display_name":"Robert Keynton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5581-0500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Keynton","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075057705","display_name":"Ayman El\u2010Baz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-1323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayman El-Baz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0545,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78390276,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1390","last_page":"1394"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7326211333274841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","score":0.6789101362228394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-coherence-tomography","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","score":0.5405392646789551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5223314166069031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angiography","display_name":"Angiography","score":0.49537336826324463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.471646249294281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-coherence-tomography-angiography","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography angiography","score":0.45673203468322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4450932741165161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.42396965622901917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.3618180453777313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.32617753744125366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7326211333274841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.6789101362228394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899552","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","level":2,"score":0.5405392646789551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5223314166069031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780643987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468414","display_name":"Angiography","level":2,"score":0.49537336826324463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.471646249294281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985858981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760969","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography angiography","level":3,"score":0.45673203468322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4450932741165161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.42396965622901917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.3618180453777313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.32617753744125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2019.8803031","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2019.8803031","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1178013299","https://openalex.org/W1915008606","https://openalex.org/W1978917654","https://openalex.org/W1995443566","https://openalex.org/W2015861736","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2166887721","https://openalex.org/W2301358467","https://openalex.org/W2462081900","https://openalex.org/W2488629592","https://openalex.org/W2494578815","https://openalex.org/W2512148493","https://openalex.org/W2743884226","https://openalex.org/W2756841569","https://openalex.org/W2783656596","https://openalex.org/W2784716683","https://openalex.org/W2789816877","https://openalex.org/W2791447208","https://openalex.org/W2809160962","https://openalex.org/W2811181298","https://openalex.org/W2898275263","https://openalex.org/W2903271452","https://openalex.org/W4231275049"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2348498086","https://openalex.org/W3093461874","https://openalex.org/W1000914229","https://openalex.org/W3021342607","https://openalex.org/W2488331324","https://openalex.org/W2323668004","https://openalex.org/W970126872","https://openalex.org/W127177386","https://openalex.org/W2052131104","https://openalex.org/W3210095093"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diabetic":[0],"Retinopathy":[1],"(DR)":[2],"is":[3,17,54,60],"one":[4],"of":[5,9,37,45,77,80,99,121,176,179,183],"the":[6,46,51,75,137,140,156,163],"leading":[7],"causes":[8],"blindness":[10],"in":[11,50,139],"working":[12],"age":[13],"population":[14],"worldwide.":[15],"DR":[16,38,146,165],"caused":[18],"by":[19,154],"high":[20],"blood":[21,28,113,142],"sugar":[22],"levels":[23],"(diabetes),":[24],"which":[25,53,135,185],"damages":[26],"retinal":[27,130,141],"vessels":[29,114,143],"and":[30,42,68,87,118,181],"leads":[31],"to":[32,111,145,161],"vision":[33],"loss.":[34],"The":[35,101],"diagnosis":[36,79,98],"requires":[39],"manual":[40],"measurements":[41],"visual":[43],"assessment":[44],"changes":[47,138],"that":[48,72],"happen":[49],"retina,":[52],"highly":[55,95],"complex":[56],"task.":[57],"Thus,":[58],"there":[59],"an":[61,173],"unmet":[62],"clinical":[63],"need":[64],"for":[65,94],"a":[66,89,105],"non-invasive,":[67],"objective":[69],"diagnostic":[70,91],"system":[71,93,103,171],"can":[73],"improve":[74],"accuracy":[76,175],"early":[78,97,164],"DR.":[81,100],"In":[82],"this":[83],"paper,":[84],"we":[85],"develop":[86],"validate":[88],"computer-aided":[90],"(CAD)":[92],"accurate,":[96],"proposed":[102,170],"use":[104],"3D":[106],"convolutional":[107],"neural":[108],"network":[109],"(CNN)":[110],"segment":[112],"from":[115,166],"both":[116],"superficial":[117],"deep":[119],"plexuses":[120],"optical":[122],"coherence":[123],"tomography":[124],"angiography":[125],"(OCTA)":[126],"scans.":[127],"Four":[128],"significant":[129],"vasculature":[131],"features":[132,151],"are":[133,152],"extracted,":[134],"reflect":[136],"due":[144],"progress.":[147],"Finally,":[148],"these":[149],"extracted":[150],"classified":[153],"using":[155],"random":[157],"forest":[158],"(RF)":[159],"technique":[160],"differentiate":[162],"normal":[167],"subjects.":[168],"Our":[169],"achieved":[172],"average":[174],"98%,":[177,180],"sensitivity":[178],"specificity":[182],"100%,":[184],"outperforms":[186],"other":[187],"state-of-the-art":[188],"techniques.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-12T08:23:45.883708","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}