{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2834632380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2018.8451657","title":"Experimentally Defined Convolutional Neural Network Architecture Variants for Non-Temporal Real-Time Fire Detection","display_name":"Experimentally Defined Convolutional Neural Network Architecture Variants for Non-Temporal Real-Time Fire Detection","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2834632380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2018.8451657","mag":"2834632380"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2018.8451657","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2018.8451657","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1146797","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053242915","display_name":"Andrew J. Dunnings","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew J. Dunnings","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Durham University, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Durham University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045115593","display_name":"Toby P. Breckon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1666-7590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toby P. Breckon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, Durham University, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, Durham University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053242915"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.7529,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":148,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98948257,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1558","last_page":"1562"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7924041748046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7794809341430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7630029320716858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5817168951034546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5575736165046692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5533131957054138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5298088788986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5092490911483765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.5044180154800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4840323328971863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.45787474513053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.4290412962436676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-complexity","display_name":"Time complexity","score":0.4286406934261322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4285963177680969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42613083124160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2053965926170349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.08991390466690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0771317183971405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7924041748046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7794809341430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7630029320716858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5817168951034546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5575736165046692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5533131957054138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5298088788986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5092490911483765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.5044180154800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4840323328971863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.45787474513053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.4290412962436676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C311688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Time complexity","level":2,"score":0.4286406934261322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4285963177680969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42613083124160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2053965926170349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.08991390466690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0771317183971405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2018.8451657","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2018.8451657","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.dur.ac.uk.OAI2:25049","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dro.dur.ac.uk/25049/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196258","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"(2018). 2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), Athens, Greece, October 7-10, 2018. Proceedings. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, pp. 1358-1362","raw_type":"Book chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:1146797","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1146797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:1146797","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1146797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W124286420","https://openalex.org/W1483146608","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1896395893","https://openalex.org/W1912048658","https://openalex.org/W1971256340","https://openalex.org/W1984282654","https://openalex.org/W1996863396","https://openalex.org/W2011160765","https://openalex.org/W2022381160","https://openalex.org/W2040386797","https://openalex.org/W2046404559","https://openalex.org/W2048797112","https://openalex.org/W2053529786","https://openalex.org/W2057045690","https://openalex.org/W2063975513","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2103941746","https://openalex.org/W2105854624","https://openalex.org/W2111586857","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2126969789","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2165568883","https://openalex.org/W2171201674","https://openalex.org/W2213853103","https://openalex.org/W2527290311","https://openalex.org/W2746174042","https://openalex.org/W2796630897","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W4233493325","https://openalex.org/W6628877899","https://openalex.org/W6666605149","https://openalex.org/W6676849031","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6742475128"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3135697610","https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W2171299904","https://openalex.org/W1647606319","https://openalex.org/W2922442631","https://openalex.org/W4390494008","https://openalex.org/W3202613528","https://openalex.org/W961142965","https://openalex.org/W18819324"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,50],"work":[2,31,60,124],"we":[3,35],"investigate":[4],"the":[5,33,37,57,118],"automatic":[6],"detection":[7],"of":[8,39,64,87,113],"fire":[9,70,133],"pixel":[10],"regions":[11],"in":[12,32,56,100],"video":[13],"(or":[14],"still)":[15],"imagery":[16],"within":[17,75],"real-time":[18,132],"bounds":[19],"without":[20],"reliance":[21],"on":[22,109],"temporal":[23,114],"scene":[24],"information.":[25,115],"As":[26],"an":[27],"extension":[28],"to":[29,53,105,128],"prior":[30,123],"field,":[34,58],"consider":[36],"performance":[38,102,120],"experimentally":[40],"defined,":[41],"reduced":[42,89,92],"complexity":[43],"deep":[44],"convolutional":[45],"neural":[46],"network":[47,85],"architectures":[48,93],"for":[49,66],"task.":[51],"Contrary":[52],"contemporary":[54,110],"trends":[55],"our":[59,76],"illustrates":[61],"maximal":[62],"accuracy":[63,74],"0.93":[65],"whole":[67],"image":[68],"binary":[69],"detection,":[71],"with":[72],"0.89":[73],"superpixel":[77],"localization":[78],"framework":[79],"can":[80],"be":[81],"achieved,":[82],"via":[83],"a":[84,96],"architecture":[86],"signficantly":[88],"complexity.":[90],"These":[91],"additionally":[94],"offer":[95],"3-4":[97],"fold":[98],"increase":[99],"computational":[101],"offering":[103],"up":[104],"17":[106],"fps":[107],"processing":[108],"hardware":[111],"independent":[112],"We":[116],"show":[117],"relative":[119],"achieved":[121],"against":[122],"using":[125],"benchmark":[126],"datasets":[127],"illustrate":[129],"maximally":[130],"robust":[131],"region":[134],"detection.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}