{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2884258540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2018.8451555","title":"An End-to-End Deep Neural Architecture for Optical Character Verification and Recognition in Retail Food Packaging","display_name":"An End-to-End Deep Neural Architecture for Optical Character Verification and Recognition in Retail Food Packaging","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2884258540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2018.8451555","mag":"2884258540"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2018.8451555","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2018.8451555","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/An_End-to-End_Deep_Neural_Architecture_for_Optical_Character_Verification_and_Recognition_in_Retail_Food_Packaging/24371239","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028172491","display_name":"Fabio De Sousa Ribeiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6195-5658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51532219","display_name":"University of Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/03yeq9x20","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fabio De Sousa Ribeiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Learning Group (MLearn), University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Learning Group (MLearn), University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029956297","display_name":"Liyun Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7223-5904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51532219","display_name":"University of Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/03yeq9x20","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liyun Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Vision Engineering (LoVE), University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Vision Engineering (LoVE), University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014387832","display_name":"Francesco Caliv\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0425-7511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51532219","display_name":"University of Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/03yeq9x20","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Caliva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Learning Group (MLearn), University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Learning Group (MLearn), University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007157909","display_name":"Mark Swainson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2242-6750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51532219","display_name":"University of Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/03yeq9x20","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Swainson","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Centre for Food Manufacturing, University of Lincoln, Holbeach, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Centre for Food Manufacturing, University of Lincoln, Holbeach, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001666175","display_name":"Kjartan Gudmundsson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51532219","display_name":"University of Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/03yeq9x20","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kjartan Gudmundsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Centre for Food Manufacturing, University of Lincoln, Holbeach, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Centre for Food Manufacturing, University of Lincoln, Holbeach, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044367644","display_name":"Miao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6576-9564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51532219","display_name":"University of Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/03yeq9x20","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Learning Group (MLearn), University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Learning Group (MLearn), University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025545143","display_name":"Georgios Leontidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6671-5568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51532219","display_name":"University of Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/03yeq9x20","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgios Leontidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Learning Group (MLearn), University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Learning Group (MLearn), University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037392936","display_name":"Xujiong Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0115-0724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51532219","display_name":"University of Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/03yeq9x20","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xujiong Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Vision Engineering (LoVE), University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Vision Engineering (LoVE), University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001457450","display_name":"Stefanos Kollias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2899-0598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51532219","display_name":"University of Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/03yeq9x20","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefanos Kollias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Learning Group (MLearn), University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Learning Group (MLearn), University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028172491"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4434,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92180916,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2376","last_page":"2380"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7875039577484131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7251105904579163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-to-end-principle","display_name":"End-to-end principle","score":0.7209725975990295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6023128628730774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5414933562278748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-character-recognition","display_name":"Optical character recognition","score":0.5369956493377686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5352141857147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.49883079528808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-user","display_name":"End user","score":0.4762028455734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.47108161449432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4463462233543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.43347084522247314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38400083780288696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.23817741870880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.11920368671417236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08967956900596619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08304747939109802}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7875039577484131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7251105904579163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74296488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2527392","display_name":"End-to-end principle","level":2,"score":0.7209725975990295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6023128628730774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5414933562278748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546480517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Optical character recognition","level":3,"score":0.5369956493377686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5352141857147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.49883079528808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91262260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528074","display_name":"End user","level":2,"score":0.4762028455734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.47108161449432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4463462233543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.43347084522247314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38400083780288696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.23817741870880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.11920368671417236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08967956900596619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08304747939109802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2018.8451555","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2018.8451555","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lincoln.ac.uk:31978","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196275","display_name":"Lincoln Repository (University of Lincoln)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I51532219","host_organization_name":"University of Lincoln","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/24371239","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/An_End-to-End_Deep_Neural_Architecture_for_Optical_Character_Verification_and_Recognition_in_Retail_Food_Packaging/24371239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/24371239","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/An_End-to-End_Deep_Neural_Architecture_for_Optical_Character_Verification_and_Recognition_in_Retail_Food_Packaging/24371239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1104394858","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R005524/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1607307044","https://openalex.org/W1904365287","https://openalex.org/W1922126009","https://openalex.org/W1935817682","https://openalex.org/W2078997308","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2142159465","https://openalex.org/W2152977846","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194187530","https://openalex.org/W2295582178","https://openalex.org/W2343052201","https://openalex.org/W2515655118","https://openalex.org/W2605982830","https://openalex.org/W2616180702","https://openalex.org/W2767787532","https://openalex.org/W2795847937","https://openalex.org/W2797302551","https://openalex.org/W2963517393","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W6636382570","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6697274609","https://openalex.org/W6750550491"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4299590256","https://openalex.org/W2151749779","https://openalex.org/W3163634122","https://openalex.org/W2110442089","https://openalex.org/W3119482857","https://openalex.org/W2919182614","https://openalex.org/W2166381389","https://openalex.org/W4393280045","https://openalex.org/W4403582721","https://openalex.org/W2054736184"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"exist":[1],"various":[2],"types":[3],"of":[4,25,36,62,78,91,170,175],"information":[5],"in":[6,32,95,163,189],"retail":[7,164],"food":[8,11,96,111,190],"packages,":[9],"including":[10],"product":[12,38],"name,":[13],"ingredients":[14],"list":[15],"and":[16,23,42,64,143],"use":[17,26,92,117,129,159],"by":[18,27,48,93,118,130,160],"date.":[19],"The":[20,51,99,145],"correct":[21],"recognition":[22,90,162],"coding":[24],"dates":[28,94],"is":[29,86,148,168],"especially":[30],"critical":[31],"ensuring":[33],"proper":[34],"distribution":[35],"the":[37,40,60,137,149,179,183],"to":[39,151],"market":[41],"eliminating":[43],"potential":[44],"health":[45,61],"risks":[46],"caused":[47],"erroneous":[49],"mislabelling.":[50],"latter":[52],"can":[53],"have":[54],"a":[55,79,102,121],"major":[56],"negative":[57],"effect":[58],"on":[59,177],"consumers":[63],"consequently":[65],"raise":[66],"legal":[67],"issues":[68],"for":[69,88,109,128,156],"suppliers.":[70],"In":[71],"this":[72],"work,":[73],"an":[74],"end-to-end":[75,157],"architecture,":[76],"composed":[77],"dual":[80],"deep":[81,153],"neural":[82,106,154],"network":[83,107,126],"based":[84],"system":[85,100],"proposed":[87,146],"automatic":[89,158],"package":[97,112],"photos.":[98,166],"includes:":[101],"Global":[103],"level":[104,123],"convolutional":[105,125],"(CNN)":[108],"high-level":[110],"image":[113],"quality":[114],"evaluation":[115],"(blurry/clear/missing":[116],"date":[119,131,138,161],"statistics);":[120],"Local":[122],"fully":[124],"(FCN)":[127],"ROI":[132,135],"localisation.":[133],"Post":[134],"extraction,":[136],"characters":[139],"are":[140],"then":[141],"segmented":[142],"recognised.":[144],"framework":[147],"first":[150],"employ":[152],"networks":[155],"packaging":[165,191],"It":[167],"capable":[169],"achieving":[171],"very":[172],"good":[173],"levels":[174],"performance":[176],"all":[178],"aforementioned":[180],"tasks,":[181],"despite":[182],"varied":[184],"textual/pictorial":[185],"content":[186],"complexity":[187],"found":[188],"design.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-27T08:22:11.395708","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
