{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2517279376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2016.7532429","title":"Age estimation via fusion of multiple binary age grouping systems","display_name":"Age estimation via fusion of multiple binary age grouping systems","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2517279376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2016.7532429","mag":"2517279376"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2016.7532429","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2016.7532429","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023526360","display_name":"Tsung-Jung Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4296-0942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162838928","display_name":"National Chung Hsing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vn3ca78","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tsung-Jung Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036481579","display_name":"Kuan-Hsien Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-2113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086894","display_name":"Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/000zgvm20","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086894","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuan-Hsien Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Academia Sinica, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Academia Sinica, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086894"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083142333","display_name":"Hsin\u2010Hua Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7215-0356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsin-Hua Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085279585","display_name":"Soo\u2010Chang Pei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2448-4196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soo-Chang Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023526360"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6721,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93629483,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"609","last_page":"613"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.6103963255882263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6037810444831848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.5982803106307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5465812087059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5437769293785095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5432376861572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5064345598220825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4789629280567169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.27287033200263977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.6103963255882263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6037810444831848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.5982803106307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5465812087059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5437769293785095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5432376861572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5064345598220825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4789629280567169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27287033200263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2016.7532429","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2016.7532429","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1567822572","https://openalex.org/W1972930250","https://openalex.org/W1994906459","https://openalex.org/W2004360294","https://openalex.org/W2009441118","https://openalex.org/W2025769979","https://openalex.org/W2030098377","https://openalex.org/W2066808422","https://openalex.org/W2073174616","https://openalex.org/W2076195881","https://openalex.org/W2093231248","https://openalex.org/W2096061497","https://openalex.org/W2102323107","https://openalex.org/W2102331633","https://openalex.org/W2103077782","https://openalex.org/W2106488920","https://openalex.org/W2111072639","https://openalex.org/W2117072267","https://openalex.org/W2118664399","https://openalex.org/W2118755929","https://openalex.org/W2121939926","https://openalex.org/W2126972425","https://openalex.org/W2132852291","https://openalex.org/W2138200782","https://openalex.org/W2146656095","https://openalex.org/W2150864004","https://openalex.org/W2151386286","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2161920802","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2163626514","https://openalex.org/W2164034100","https://openalex.org/W2164287382","https://openalex.org/W2164583936","https://openalex.org/W2167793923","https://openalex.org/W2293307556","https://openalex.org/W2296171975","https://openalex.org/W2344482072","https://openalex.org/W2534023444","https://openalex.org/W2799148064","https://openalex.org/W3120421331","https://openalex.org/W3146003712","https://openalex.org/W4298266977","https://openalex.org/W6675450563","https://openalex.org/W6677495702","https://openalex.org/W6679777679","https://openalex.org/W6683411478","https://openalex.org/W6684569143","https://openalex.org/W6728601258"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2576994247","https://openalex.org/W2608353378","https://openalex.org/W4249206767","https://openalex.org/W2807251790","https://openalex.org/W2563559453","https://openalex.org/W2382330008","https://openalex.org/W3147584709","https://openalex.org/W1519970947","https://openalex.org/W4243860260","https://openalex.org/W2132337154"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,105],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,44,109],"propose":[4,110],"a":[5,23,28,111,124],"new":[6],"divide-and-conquer":[7],"based":[8],"method,":[9,34],"called":[10],"fusion":[11],"of":[12,61,89,97,118],"multiple":[13,46],"binary":[14],"age-grouping-estimation":[15],"systems,":[16],"for":[17,40,49,76,137],"human":[18],"facial":[19,30],"age":[20,41,50,91,98,102,126,138,148],"estimation.":[21],"Under":[22],"specific":[24],"constraint,":[25],"such":[26],"as":[27],"given":[29],"feature":[31],"or":[32],"classification/regression":[33],"what":[35],"is":[36],"the":[37,62,66,77,87,95,106,119,131],"better":[38],"framework":[39,136],"estimation?":[42],"First":[43],"employ":[45],"binary-grouping":[47,120],"systems":[48,93,121],"group":[51],"classification.":[52],"Each":[53],"face":[54],"image":[55],"will":[56],"be":[57],"classified":[58,79],"into":[59,80],"one":[60],"two":[63,67,69],"groups.":[64],"Within":[65],"groups,":[68,82],"models":[70],"are":[71],"trained":[72],"to":[73,115,122],"estimate":[74],"ages":[75],"faces":[78],"their":[81],"respectively.":[83],"We":[84],"also":[85],"investigate":[86],"effect":[88],"different":[90],"grouping":[92,99],"on":[94,130],"performance":[96],"accuracy":[100],"and":[101,144],"estimation":[103,127,139,149],"error.":[104],"last":[107],"stage,":[108],"sequentially":[112],"selection":[113],"algorithm":[114],"fuse":[116],"some":[117],"get":[123],"final":[125],"result.":[128],"Experiments":[129],"MORPH2":[132],"database":[133],"demonstrate":[134],"our":[135],"can":[140],"achieve":[141],"satisfying":[142],"results":[143],"outperform":[145],"other":[146],"state-of-the-art":[147],"approaches.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
