{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2294455350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2015.7351666","title":"The use of deep learning features in a hierarchical classifier learned with the minimization of a non-greedy loss function that delays gratification","display_name":"The use of deep learning features in a hierarchical classifier learned with the minimization of a non-greedy loss function that delays gratification","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2294455350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2015.7351666","mag":"2294455350"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2015.7351666","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2015.7351666","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103020604","display_name":"Zhibin Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9965-4511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127558","display_name":"Australian Centre for Robotic Vision","ror":"https://ror.org/02zv9xv82","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhibin Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["ARC Centre of Excellence for Robotic Vision, University of Adelaide, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Robotic Vision, University of Adelaide, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029215323","display_name":"Gustavo Carneiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5571-6220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127558","display_name":"Australian Centre for Robotic Vision","ror":"https://ror.org/02zv9xv82","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gustavo Carneiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["ARC Centre of Excellence for Robotic Vision, University of Adelaide, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Robotic Vision, University of Adelaide, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5407,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76137434,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"4540","last_page":"4544"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-classifier","display_name":"Linear classifier","score":0.719177782535553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6899957060813904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6721808314323425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6538503170013428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pascal","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","score":0.5581604838371277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5565935373306274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5528754591941833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4209336042404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-subspace-method","display_name":"Random subspace method","score":0.4193272590637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.4169626533985138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.17674627900123596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139532973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2679259","display_name":"Linear classifier","level":3,"score":0.719177782535553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6899957060813904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6721808314323425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6538503170013428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75608658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44395","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5581604838371277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5565935373306274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5528754591941833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4209336042404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106135958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7291993","display_name":"Random subspace method","level":3,"score":0.4193272590637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.4169626533985138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.17674627900123596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2015.7351666","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2015.7351666","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.library.adelaide.edu.au:2440/107656","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2440/107656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401835","display_name":"Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","host_organization_name":"The University of Adelaide","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2015.7351666","raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538131130","https://openalex.org/W1606858007","https://openalex.org/W1994002998","https://openalex.org/W2017814585","https://openalex.org/W2025862220","https://openalex.org/W2062118960","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2118585731","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2130325614","https://openalex.org/W2131846894","https://openalex.org/W2141125852","https://openalex.org/W2146514558","https://openalex.org/W2147800946","https://openalex.org/W2152161678","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2161381512","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2186094539","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2963173190","https://openalex.org/W2963542991","https://openalex.org/W3001645704","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4248437541","https://openalex.org/W4302283059","https://openalex.org/W6629368666","https://openalex.org/W6632100814","https://openalex.org/W6636412649","https://openalex.org/W6648737282","https://openalex.org/W6656957787","https://openalex.org/W6675026286","https://openalex.org/W6677656871","https://openalex.org/W6681670809","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6686583229"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964832275","https://openalex.org/W2389865566","https://openalex.org/W2407804800","https://openalex.org/W2388864896","https://openalex.org/W2888937984","https://openalex.org/W2031173026","https://openalex.org/W2117265009","https://openalex.org/W2031651184","https://openalex.org/W2913388591","https://openalex.org/W3112445271"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"we":[1,61],"have":[2],"observed":[3],"the":[4,13,28,74,105,122,135,164],"traditional":[5],"feature":[6],"representations":[7],"are":[8],"being":[9],"rapidly":[10],"replaced":[11],"by":[12,94],"deep":[14,76],"learning":[15,77],"representations,":[16],"which":[17],"produce":[18],"significantly":[19],"more":[20,42,168],"accurate":[21,43,67,169],"classification":[22,44,70,106,117,144,170],"results":[23,171],"when":[24,172],"used":[25],"together":[26],"with":[27,126],"linear":[29,96,127,176],"classifiers.":[30,159],"However,":[31],"it":[32],"is":[33,83,92,151],"widely":[34],"known":[35],"that":[36,72,103,163],"non-linear":[37,68,158,178],"classifiers":[38,179],"can":[39],"generally":[40],"provide":[41],"but":[45],"at":[46],"a":[47,63,86,95,100,109],"higher":[48],"computational":[49],"cost":[50],"involved":[51],"in":[52,108,112],"their":[53],"training":[54,130,136],"and":[55,66,137,177],"testing":[56,138],"procedures.":[57],"In":[58,79,124,147],"this":[59],"paper,":[60],"propose":[62],"new":[64],"efficient":[65],"hierarchical":[69],"method":[71,150],"uses":[73],"aforementioned":[75],"representations.":[78],"essence,":[80],"our":[81,129,149],"classifier":[82,97,166],"based":[84],"on":[85,180],"binary":[87],"tree,":[88],"where":[89],"each":[90],"node":[91],"represented":[93],"trained":[98],"using":[99],"loss":[101],"function":[102],"minimizes":[104],"error":[107],"non-greedy":[110],"way,":[111],"addition":[113],"to":[114,119,153,174],"postponing":[115],"hard":[116],"problems":[118],"further":[120],"down":[121],"tree.":[123],"comparison":[125],"classifiers,":[128],"process":[131],"increases":[132],"only":[133],"marginally":[134],"time":[139],"complexities,":[140],"while":[141],"showing":[142],"competitive":[143],"accuracy":[145],"results.":[146],"addition,":[148],"shown":[152],"generalize":[154],"better":[155],"than":[156],"shallow":[157],"Empirical":[160],"validation":[161],"shows":[162],"proposed":[165],"produces":[167],"compared":[173],"several":[175],"Pascal":[181],"VOC07":[182],"database.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}