{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2294069344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2015.7351614","title":"A layered method for determining manga text bubble reading order","display_name":"A layered method for determining manga text bubble reading order","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2294069344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2015.7351614","mag":"2294069344"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2015.7351614","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2015.7351614","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050413289","display_name":"Samu Kovanen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Samu Kovanen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069982192","display_name":"Kiyoharu Aizawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2146-6275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kiyoharu Aizawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050413289"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7364,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80127969,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4283","last_page":"4287"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7693412899971008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.7050065398216248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comics","display_name":"Comics","score":0.6949299573898315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6038291454315186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5763182044029236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5684679746627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.5640267133712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5009682178497314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.4749244153499603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.45133453607559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-segmentation","display_name":"Text segmentation","score":0.4100390672683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3869844675064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3666214346885681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.0863824188709259}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7693412899971008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.7050065398216248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529099274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1004","display_name":"Comics","level":2,"score":0.6949299573898315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6038291454315186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5763182044029236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5684679746627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.5640267133712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5009682178497314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.4749244153499603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45133453607559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98501671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1948408","display_name":"Text segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4100390672683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3869844675064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3666214346885681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0863824188709259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2015.7351614","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2015.7351614","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W133949734","https://openalex.org/W163751316","https://openalex.org/W1534139618","https://openalex.org/W1593657822","https://openalex.org/W1967187299","https://openalex.org/W1978949064","https://openalex.org/W1991926808","https://openalex.org/W2033572301","https://openalex.org/W2052404564","https://openalex.org/W2144439476","https://openalex.org/W6605432158","https://openalex.org/W6606689154"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3201315974","https://openalex.org/W3015688758","https://openalex.org/W2978383222","https://openalex.org/W2172629291","https://openalex.org/W2380773642","https://openalex.org/W2384559435","https://openalex.org/W2337707338","https://openalex.org/W2058548953","https://openalex.org/W2785359773","https://openalex.org/W2362013696"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Comic":[0],"books":[1],"of":[2,39,60,103],"all":[3],"cultures":[4],"are":[5,87],"an":[6],"active":[7],"research":[8,22],"area":[9],"as":[10],"digitizing":[11],"content":[12],"for":[13],"mobile":[14],"and":[15,33,70,76,79,113,125],"web":[16],"is":[17,97],"becoming":[18],"more":[19],"common.":[20],"Past":[21],"on":[23,28,83,99],"comics":[24],"has":[25,43,120],"largely":[26],"concentrated":[27],"text":[29,63,67,80,111],"extraction,":[30],"panel":[31],"segmentation":[32],"document":[34],"analysis,":[35],"while":[36],"the":[37,40,57,92,118],"utilisation":[38],"extracted":[41],"data":[42,101],"had":[44],"less":[45],"attention.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48],"paper":[49],"we":[50],"present":[51],"a":[52,100,128],"method":[53,74,96,119],"to":[54,90],"automatically":[55],"determine":[56],"reading":[58],"order":[59],"Japanese":[61],"manga":[62,105],"bubbles":[64],"using":[65],"only":[66],"bubble":[68],"position":[69,81],"image":[71],"data.":[72],"Our":[73],"classifies":[75],"orders":[77],"page":[78],"information":[82],"three":[84],"layers,":[85],"which":[86],"hierarchically":[88],"sorted":[89],"obtain":[91],"final":[93],"ordering.":[94,115],"The":[95],"evaluated":[98],"set":[102],"1769":[104],"pages":[106],"with":[107],"14726":[108],"manually":[109],"annotated":[110],"positions":[112],"correct":[114],"Evaluation":[116],"shows":[117],"over":[121],"95%":[122],"transition":[123],"accuracies":[124],"vastly":[126],"outperforms":[127],"naive":[129],"implementation.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
