{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003816455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2014.7025677","title":"Hierarchical gaze estimation based on adaptive feature learning","display_name":"Hierarchical gaze estimation based on adaptive feature learning","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003816455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2014.7025677","mag":"2003816455"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2014.7025677","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2014.7025677","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101894411","display_name":"Xiying Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4043-5220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155230","display_name":"Samsung (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04yt00889","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210155230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiying Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung R&D Institute China, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung R&D Institute China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102866014","display_name":"Kang Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2161-6931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155230","display_name":"Samsung (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04yt00889","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210155230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung R&D Institute China, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung R&D Institute China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004464656","display_name":"Dongkyung Nam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9901-3391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongkyung Nam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Yongin, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Yongin, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084450104","display_name":"Jae\u2010Joon Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6505-6529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaejoon Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Yongin, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Yongin, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100457231","display_name":"Haitao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6775-0346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155230","display_name":"Samsung (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04yt00889","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210155230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haitao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung R&D Institute China, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung R&D Institute China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155230"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6311,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62181472,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3347","last_page":"3351"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13731","display_name":"Advanced Computing and Algorithms","score":0.9760000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9678999781608582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8209244012832642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7854505181312561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.7353572249412537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6381927728652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.588368833065033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.569882333278656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.56600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pose","display_name":"Pose","score":0.4919257164001465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.4334179162979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.42471301555633545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.4108814001083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15871083736419678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8209244012832642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7854505181312561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.7353572249412537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6381927728652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.588368833065033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.569882333278656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.56600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52102323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671968","display_name":"Pose","level":2,"score":0.4919257164001465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.4334179162979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.42471301555633545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4108814001083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15871083736419678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2014.7025677","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2014.7025677","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519033008","https://openalex.org/W1867429401","https://openalex.org/W1946259682","https://openalex.org/W1982091553","https://openalex.org/W1984983329","https://openalex.org/W2029661329","https://openalex.org/W2074840634","https://openalex.org/W2103150354","https://openalex.org/W2103289133","https://openalex.org/W2105899846","https://openalex.org/W2110278039","https://openalex.org/W2114588272","https://openalex.org/W2139196511","https://openalex.org/W2158933803","https://openalex.org/W2165296493","https://openalex.org/W2165731615","https://openalex.org/W2167020116","https://openalex.org/W6639126518","https://openalex.org/W6640564649","https://openalex.org/W6646556945","https://openalex.org/W6668931621","https://openalex.org/W6675356155","https://openalex.org/W6675405564","https://openalex.org/W6684395442"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1880689012","https://openalex.org/W3014378845","https://openalex.org/W4240909707","https://openalex.org/W2059546927","https://openalex.org/W3207760378","https://openalex.org/W4386072035","https://openalex.org/W2562758970","https://openalex.org/W1986970529","https://openalex.org/W1563178652","https://openalex.org/W2947492009"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"appearance-based":[1,27],"gaze":[2,28,63,115],"estimation":[3,29],"methods":[4,98],"suffer":[5],"from":[6],"tedious":[7],"calibration":[8],"and":[9,37],"appearance":[10],"variation":[11],"caused":[12],"by":[13,31],"head":[14,101,113],"movement.":[15],"In":[16],"this":[17,21],"paper,":[18],"to":[19,49,61,74],"handle":[20],"problem,":[22],"we":[23],"propose":[24],"a":[25],"novel":[26],"method":[30,46,58,90,107],"introducing":[32],"supervised":[33],"adaptive":[34,43],"feature":[35,44,53],"extraction":[36],"hierarchical":[38,56],"mapping":[39,57],"model.":[40],"Firstly,":[41],"an":[42],"learning":[45],"is":[47,59,72],"proposed":[48,60,89],"extract":[50],"topology-preserving":[51],"(TOP)":[52],"individually.":[54],"Then":[55],"localize":[62],"position":[64],"based":[65],"on":[66],"coarse-to-fine":[67],"strategy.":[68],"Appearance":[69],"synthesis":[70],"approach":[71],"used":[73],"increase":[75],"the":[76,84],"refer":[77],"sample":[78],"density.":[79],"Experiments":[80],"show":[81],"that":[82],"under":[83,99],"condition":[85],"of":[86],"sparse":[87],"calibration,":[88],"has":[91],"better":[92],"performance":[93],"in":[94],"accuracy":[95],"than":[96],"existing":[97],"fixed":[100],"pose":[102],"without":[103],"chinrest.":[104],"Moreover,":[105],"our":[106],"can":[108],"be":[109],"easily":[110],"extended":[111],"for":[112],"pose-varying":[114],"estimation.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
