{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2075240111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2014.7025283","title":"Facial grid transformation: A novel face registration approach for improving facial action unit recognition","display_name":"Facial grid transformation: A novel face registration approach for improving facial action unit recognition","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2075240111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2014.7025283","mag":"2075240111"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2014.7025283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2014.7025283","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071921121","display_name":"Shizhong Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3381-6992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shizhong Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036993002","display_name":"Zibo Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7299-7290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zibo Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100442358","display_name":"Ping Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3170-3783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036764694","display_name":"Yan Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5552-0199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0788,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83723605,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":null,"first_page":"1415","last_page":"1419"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.78773033618927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7775355577468872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.7106853723526001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6850231885910034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6739257574081421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5911448001861572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.5721331834793091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5536631941795349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5157856941223145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5114642381668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4519325792789459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-dimensional-face-recognition","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","score":0.449594646692276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.26968666911125183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1489720642566681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.060574114322662354}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.78773033618927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7775355577468872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.7106853723526001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6850231885910034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6739257574081421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5911448001861572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.5721331834793091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5536631941795349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5157856941223145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5114642381668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4519325792789459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88799230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398329","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","level":5,"score":0.449594646692276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.26968666911125183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1489720642566681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.060574114322662354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2014.7025283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2014.7025283","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1596088243","https://openalex.org/W1975436731","https://openalex.org/W1992280180","https://openalex.org/W2004102643","https://openalex.org/W2005733474","https://openalex.org/W2019041628","https://openalex.org/W2030366785","https://openalex.org/W2045472600","https://openalex.org/W2048182576","https://openalex.org/W2077958330","https://openalex.org/W2082524889","https://openalex.org/W2104067190","https://openalex.org/W2106390385","https://openalex.org/W2108445559","https://openalex.org/W2125127226","https://openalex.org/W2139916508","https://openalex.org/W2145012698","https://openalex.org/W2146994234","https://openalex.org/W2152826865","https://openalex.org/W2156503193","https://openalex.org/W2159668072","https://openalex.org/W2164623278","https://openalex.org/W2540801879"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2166031825","https://openalex.org/W2918845005","https://openalex.org/W4387163326","https://openalex.org/W2040482211","https://openalex.org/W325114128","https://openalex.org/W2185537520","https://openalex.org/W3108145925","https://openalex.org/W1517271056","https://openalex.org/W63491089","https://openalex.org/W2985118265"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Face":[0],"registration":[1,59],"is":[2],"a":[3,23,56],"major":[4],"and":[5,30,48,120],"critical":[6],"step":[7],"for":[8,69],"face":[9,19,44,58,141],"analysis.":[10],"Existing":[11],"facial":[12,46,62,71,89,124],"activity":[13],"recognition":[14],"systems":[15],"often":[16],"employ":[17],"coarse":[18,137],"alignment":[20,138],"based":[21,113],"on":[22,76,96,114,117],"few":[24],"fiducial":[25],"points":[26],"such":[27],"as":[28],"eyes":[29],"extract":[31],"features":[32,38,83],"from":[33],"equal-sized":[34,115],"grid.":[35],"Such":[36],"extracted":[37],"are":[39,84],"susceptible":[40],"to":[41,65,86,92],"variations":[42],"in":[43],"pose,":[45],"deformation,":[47],"person-specific":[49],"geometry.":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52],"work,":[53],"we":[54],"propose":[55],"novel":[57,80],"method":[60,106,129],"named":[61],"grid":[63,81,116],"transformation":[64],"improve":[66],"feature":[67],"extraction":[68],"recognizing":[70],"Action":[72],"Units":[73],"(AUs).":[74],"Based":[75],"the":[77,104,111,127,132],"transformed":[78],"grid,":[79],"edge":[82],"developed":[85],"capture":[87],"local":[88],"motions":[90],"related":[91],"AUs.":[93],"Extensive":[94],"experiments":[95],"two":[97],"well-known":[98],"AU-coded":[99],"databases":[100],"have":[101],"demonstrated":[102],"that":[103],"proposed":[105,128],"yields":[107],"significant":[108],"improvements":[109],"over":[110],"methods":[112,134],"both":[118],"posed":[119],"more":[121],"importantly,":[122],"spontaneous":[123],"displays.":[125],"Furthermore,":[126],"also":[130],"outperforms":[131],"state-of-the-art":[133],"using":[135],"either":[136],"or":[139],"mesh-based":[140],"registration.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}