{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1996724277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2012.6467558","title":"A comparison of classification approaches for threat detection in CT based baggage screening","display_name":"A comparison of classification approaches for threat detection in CT based baggage screening","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1996724277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2012.6467558","mag":"1996724277"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2012.6467558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2012.6467558","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 19th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/21083","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082820740","display_name":"Najla Megherbi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Najla Megherbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK","School of Engineering, Cranfield University,Cranfield,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Cranfield University,Cranfield,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102291570","display_name":"Jiwan Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiwan Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK","School of Engineering, Cranfield University,Cranfield,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Cranfield University,Cranfield,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045115593","display_name":"Toby P. Breckon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1666-7590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toby P. Breckon","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK","School of Engineering, Cranfield University,Cranfield,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Cranfield University,Cranfield,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110143680","display_name":"Greg T. Flitton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Greg T. Flitton","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK","School of Engineering, Cranfield University,Cranfield,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Cranfield University,Cranfield,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3109","last_page":"3112"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7587575316429138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6713695526123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.628559947013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5700291395187378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5463734269142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.5224113464355469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-imaging","display_name":"Medical imaging","score":0.4790138602256775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computed-tomography","display_name":"Computed tomography","score":0.4711883068084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/border-security","display_name":"Border Security","score":0.45903563499450684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4253345727920532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38043612241744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.37493306398391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.360684335231781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.19393658638000488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.11027184128761292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.08221286535263062}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7587575316429138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6713695526123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.628559947013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5700291395187378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5463734269142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.5224113464355469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.4790138602256775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544519230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32566","display_name":"Computed tomography","level":2,"score":0.4711883068084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780934415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20997131","display_name":"Border Security","level":2,"score":0.45903563499450684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4253345727920532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38043612241744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.37493306398391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.360684335231781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.19393658638000488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.11027184128761292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08221286535263062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2012.6467558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2012.6467558","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 19th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.391.2695","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.391.2695","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://breckon.eu/toby/publications/papers/megherbi12baggage.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk:1826/21083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/21083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401778","display_name":"CERES (Cranfield University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","host_organization_name":"Cranfield University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:1153798","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1153798","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Presentation / Conference Contribution"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk:1826/21083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/21083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401778","display_name":"CERES (Cranfield University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","host_organization_name":"Cranfield University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W208955511","https://openalex.org/W1963701492","https://openalex.org/W2010482040","https://openalex.org/W2016107543","https://openalex.org/W2046150577","https://openalex.org/W2055105885","https://openalex.org/W2070619727","https://openalex.org/W2082390334","https://openalex.org/W2104364170","https://openalex.org/W2109943925","https://openalex.org/W2113622874","https://openalex.org/W2115678526","https://openalex.org/W2152828553","https://openalex.org/W2165226036","https://openalex.org/W2184478588","https://openalex.org/W2189527060","https://openalex.org/W2330820318","https://openalex.org/W2343490030","https://openalex.org/W2740356721","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W4388297464","https://openalex.org/W6608502941","https://openalex.org/W6675460260","https://openalex.org/W6742345772"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3004179726","https://openalex.org/W621272194","https://openalex.org/W3039332332","https://openalex.org/W46176759","https://openalex.org/W2038893155","https://openalex.org/W4396583849","https://openalex.org/W427983938","https://openalex.org/W2571245938","https://openalex.org/W1605072002","https://openalex.org/W2031868459"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Computed":[0],"Tomography":[1],"(CT)":[2],"based":[3],"baggage":[4],"security":[5,56],"screening":[6,57],"systems":[7],"are":[8],"of":[9,27,38,46,90],"increasing":[10],"use":[11],"in":[12,30,49,86],"transportation":[13],"security.":[14],"The":[15],"ability":[16],"to":[17],"automatically":[18],"identify":[19],"potential":[20],"threat":[21,47],"item":[22],"is":[23],"a":[24,36],"key":[25],"aspect":[26],"current":[28],"research":[29],"this":[31],"area.":[32],"Here":[33],"we":[34,73],"present":[35,82],"comparison":[37],"varying":[39,76],"classification":[40,69,78],"approaches":[41,80],"for":[42],"the":[43,87],"automated":[44,88],"detection":[45,89],"objects":[48],"cluttered":[50],"3D":[51,61,67],"CT":[52],"imagery":[53],"from":[54],"such":[55],"systems.":[58],"By":[59],"combining":[60],"medical":[62],"image":[63],"segmentation":[64],"techniques":[65],"with":[66],"shape":[68],"and":[70,81],"retrieval":[71],"methods":[72],"compare":[74],"five":[75],"final":[77],"stage":[79],"significant":[83],"performance":[84],"achievements":[85],"specified":[91],"exemplar":[92],"items.":[93]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}