{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997619378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2012.6467016","title":"Raindrop detection and removal using salient visual features","display_name":"Raindrop detection and removal using salient visual features","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997619378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2012.6467016","mag":"1997619378"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2012.6467016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2012.6467016","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 19th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060958969","display_name":"Qi Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3631-256X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","[Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101462549","display_name":"Wende Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6293-5093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118136607","display_name":"General Motors (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05addee68","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wende Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Controls and Integration Laboratory, General Motors, Warren, MI, USA","Electrical Controls and Integration Lab, General Motors, Warren, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Controls and Integration Laboratory, General Motors, Warren, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Controls and Integration Lab, General Motors, Warren, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055345322","display_name":"B. V. K. Vijaya Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7126-6381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B.V.K. Vijaya Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","[Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6768,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68016329,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"941","last_page":"944"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/windshield","display_name":"Windshield","score":0.9525700211524963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7500827312469482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7410808205604553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7394435405731201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salient","display_name":"Salient","score":0.7057448625564575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inpainting","display_name":"Inpainting","score":0.6154950857162476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.48988455533981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4397438168525696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10206058621406555}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780387288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13693","display_name":"Windshield","level":2,"score":0.9525700211524963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7500827312469482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7410808205604553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7394435405731201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.7057448625564575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11727466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1628157","display_name":"Inpainting","level":3,"score":0.6154950857162476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.48988455533981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4397438168525696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10206058621406555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2012.6467016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2012.6467016","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 19th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510526001","https://openalex.org/W1969258103","https://openalex.org/W2038133417","https://openalex.org/W2095905764","https://openalex.org/W2103568877","https://openalex.org/W2103888133","https://openalex.org/W2113968972","https://openalex.org/W2119535410","https://openalex.org/W2128004524","https://openalex.org/W2146032989","https://openalex.org/W2295936755","https://openalex.org/W6630424276"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2152310777","https://openalex.org/W3178025616","https://openalex.org/W2060947339","https://openalex.org/W2131831293","https://openalex.org/W2017457812","https://openalex.org/W1995073329","https://openalex.org/W2946160871","https://openalex.org/W3035059915","https://openalex.org/W425542480","https://openalex.org/W49967185"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Raindrops":[0],"on":[1,48],"vehicles'":[2],"windshields":[3],"can":[4],"degrade":[5],"the":[6,26,49,58,75,100,115,119,129,148,152,156,161,165,168],"performance":[7],"of":[8,64,77,102,134],"in-vehicle":[9,33,169],"vision":[10,170],"systems.":[11],"In":[12],"this":[13],"paper,":[14],"we":[15,68,112],"present":[16],"a":[17,31,87,92],"novel":[18],"approach":[19],"that":[20,128],"detects":[21],"and":[22,61,136,142,164],"removes":[23],"raindrops":[24,43,65,120,138],"in":[25,37,51,66,74,86,114,139],"captured":[27],"image":[28,53,122],"when":[29],"using":[30,121],"single":[32],"camera.":[34],"When":[35],"driving":[36],"light":[38],"or":[39],"moderate":[40],"rainy":[41],"conditions,":[42],"appear":[44],"as":[45,109],"small":[46,82],"circlets":[47],"windshield":[50],"each":[52],"frame.":[54],"Therefore,":[55],"by":[56,118,151],"analyzing":[57],"color,":[59],"texture":[60],"shape":[62],"characteristics":[63],"images,":[67],"first":[69],"identify":[70],"possible":[71],"raindrop":[72,88],"candidates":[73],"regions":[76,107,116],"interest":[78],"(ROI),":[79],"which":[80],"are":[81],"locally":[83],"salient":[84],"droplets":[85],"saliency":[89],"map.":[90],"Then,":[91],"learning-based":[93],"verification":[94],"algorithm":[95],"is":[96,132],"proposed":[97,130,153],"to":[98,167],"reduce":[99],"number":[101],"false":[103],"alarms":[104],"(i.e.,":[105],"clear":[106,173],"mis-detected":[108],"raindrops).":[110],"Finally,":[111],"fill":[113],"occupied":[117],"inpainting":[123],"techniques.":[124],"Numerical":[125],"experiments":[126],"indicate":[127],"method":[131,154],"capable":[133],"detecting":[135],"reducing":[137],"various":[140],"rain":[141],"road":[143],"scenarios.":[144],"We":[145],"also":[146],"quantify":[147],"improvement":[149],"offered":[150],"over":[155],"state-of-the-art":[157],"algorithms":[158],"aimed":[159],"at":[160],"same":[162],"problem":[163],"benefits":[166],"applications":[171],"like":[172],"path":[174],"detection.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}