{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2082226604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2011.6115701","title":"Shape-from-shading under complex natural illumination","display_name":"Shape-from-shading under complex natural illumination","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2082226604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2011.6115701","mag":"2082226604"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2011.6115701","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2011.6115701","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022571340","display_name":"Rui Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3343-066X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rui Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of York, UK","Dept. of Comput. Sci., Univ. of York, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., Univ. of York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086288842","display_name":"William A. P. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6047-0413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William A. P. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of York, UK","Dept. of Comput. Sci., Univ. of York, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., Univ. of York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022571340"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8086,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94777618,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"13","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photometric-stereo","display_name":"Photometric stereo","score":0.8457540273666382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shading","display_name":"Shading","score":0.6938798427581787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.6131727695465088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothness","display_name":"Smoothness","score":0.5525000691413879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness","display_name":"Brightness","score":0.5236154198646545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lagrange-multiplier","display_name":"Lagrange multiplier","score":0.5103101134300232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5047260522842407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/albedo","display_name":"Albedo (alchemy)","score":0.4907775819301605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4780752658843994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.4630257189273834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.44990310072898865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint-algorithm","display_name":"Constraint algorithm","score":0.41801583766937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4094693660736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.37995922565460205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34795719385147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3316892385482788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3266453444957733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.2913767099380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.2553125023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.24648767709732056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14879655838012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.1276310682296753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44365914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17120636","display_name":"Photometric stereo","level":3,"score":0.8457540273666382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177515723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191981","display_name":"Shading","level":2,"score":0.6938798427581787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.6131727695465088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102634674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868473","display_name":"Smoothness","level":2,"score":0.5525000691413879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.5236154198646545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73684929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598870","display_name":"Lagrange multiplier","level":2,"score":0.5103101134300232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5047260522842407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195886398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110050","display_name":"Albedo (alchemy)","level":3,"score":0.4907775819301605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4780752658843994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4630257189273834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.44990310072898865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15980293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164368","display_name":"Constraint algorithm","level":3,"score":0.41801583766937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4094693660736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37995922565460205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34795719385147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3316892385482788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3266453444957733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.2913767099380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.2553125023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.24648767709732056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14879655838012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.1276310682296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554144382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213156","display_name":"Performance art","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2011.6115701","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2011.6115701","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1745126362","https://openalex.org/W2033664843","https://openalex.org/W2066085919","https://openalex.org/W2105649179","https://openalex.org/W2128773688","https://openalex.org/W2147597023","https://openalex.org/W6637748465"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2316059977","https://openalex.org/W2024837890","https://openalex.org/W1979241556","https://openalex.org/W2074745806","https://openalex.org/W2021667451","https://openalex.org/W2352028553","https://openalex.org/W1967449934","https://openalex.org/W1970808271","https://openalex.org/W63694318","https://openalex.org/W2045861968"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,90],"present":[1],"a":[2,25,66,72],"shape-from-shading":[3,49],"algorithm":[4,96],"for":[5],"Lambertian":[6],"surfaces":[7],"of":[8,65,79,87,94],"uniform":[9],"but":[10],"unknown":[11],"albedo,":[12],"illuminated":[13],"by":[14],"unknown,":[15],"arbitrarily":[16],"complex":[17,98],"environment":[18],"lighting.":[19],"Our":[20],"approach":[21],"is":[22,36],"based":[23],"on":[24,97],"first":[26],"order":[27],"spherical":[28],"harmonic":[29],"approximation":[30],"to":[31],"the":[32,39,63,76,85,92,95],"reflectance":[33],"map.":[34],"This":[35,61],"estimated":[37],"from":[38,45],"image":[40],"using":[41,84],"surface":[42],"normals":[43],"interpolated":[44],"boundary":[46],"points.":[47],"The":[48],"step":[50],"minimises":[51],"local":[52],"brightness":[53],"error":[54],"and":[55],"an":[56],"edge":[57],"sensitive":[58],"smoothness":[59],"constraint.":[60],"involves":[62],"solution":[64],"linear":[67],"least":[68],"squares":[69],"problem":[70],"with":[71],"quadratic":[73],"equality":[74],"constraint,":[75],"global":[77],"optimum":[78],"which":[80],"can":[81],"be":[82],"found":[83],"method":[86],"Lagrange":[88],"multipliers.":[89],"demonstrate":[91],"performance":[93],"objects":[99],"rendered":[100],"under":[101],"realworld":[102],"illumination.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
