{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2166614141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2009.5414341","title":"Detection of asymmetric eye action units in spontaneous videos","display_name":"Detection of asymmetric eye action units in spontaneous videos","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2166614141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2009.5414341","mag":"2166614141"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2009.5414341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2009.5414341","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60000","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110116504","display_name":"Mina Mikhail","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80693520","display_name":"American University in Cairo","ror":"https://ror.org/0176yqn58","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80693520"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mina Mikhail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80693520"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051143813","display_name":"Rana el Kaliouby","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rana el Kaliouby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Media Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Media Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"3557","last_page":"3560"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7862967252731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.751805305480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-action-coding-system","display_name":"Facial Action Coding System","score":0.6993083357810974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6040369868278503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5414223074913025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4675677418708801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.45234739780426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.44498446583747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.440879225730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-eye","display_name":"Human eye","score":0.4177379012107849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.41597092151641846}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7862967252731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.751805305480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40346341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391629","display_name":"Facial Action Coding System","level":3,"score":0.6993083357810974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6040369868278503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5414223074913025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4675677418708801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.45234739780426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.44498446583747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.440879225730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781427961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q430024","display_name":"Human eye","level":2,"score":0.4177379012107849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.41597092151641846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2009.5414341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2009.5414341","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/60000","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/60000","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1588539311","https://openalex.org/W1869391892","https://openalex.org/W2130038676","https://openalex.org/W2140547436","https://openalex.org/W2159668072","https://openalex.org/W2167725992","https://openalex.org/W2554697626","https://openalex.org/W6632785674","https://openalex.org/W6639165917","https://openalex.org/W6679372818"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012415311","https://openalex.org/W2130087906","https://openalex.org/W1998708415","https://openalex.org/W3169168314","https://openalex.org/W3153565281","https://openalex.org/W2627086084","https://openalex.org/W2023657742","https://openalex.org/W2049699482","https://openalex.org/W2953116087","https://openalex.org/W1968135759"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"recent":[1],"advances":[2],"in":[3,11,47],"machine":[4],"vision,":[5],"automatic":[6],"detection":[7],"of":[8,20,98,105],"human":[9,18],"expressions":[10,38],"video":[12],"is":[13,22],"becoming":[14],"important":[15],"especially":[16],"because":[17],"labeling":[19],"videos":[21,100],"both":[23],"tedious":[24],"and":[25,61,77,87,111],"error":[26],"prone.":[27],"In":[28],"this":[29],"paper,":[30],"we":[31],"present":[32,51],"an":[33,52,102],"approach":[34],"for":[35,55,107,113],"detecting":[36,56],"facial":[37],"based":[39],"on":[40,94],"the":[41,75],"Facial":[42],"Action":[43],"Coding":[44],"System":[45],"(FACS)":[46],"spontaneous":[48,99],"videos.":[49],"We":[50,66],"automated":[53],"system":[54],"asymmetric":[57],"eye":[58,62,108,114],"open":[59,115],"(AU41)":[60],"closed":[63,109],"(AU43)":[64],"actions.":[65],"use":[67],"Gabor":[68],"Jets":[69],"to":[70],"select":[71],"distinctive":[72],"features":[73],"from":[74],"image":[76],"compare":[78],"between":[79],"three":[80],"different":[81],"classifiers-Bayesian":[82],"networks,":[83],"Dynamic":[84],"Bayesian":[85],"networks":[86],"Support":[88],"Vector":[89],"Machines-for":[90],"classification.":[91],"Experimental":[92],"evaluation":[93],"a":[95],"large":[96],"corpus":[97],"yielded":[101],"average":[103],"accuracy":[104],"98%":[106],"(AU43),":[110],"92.75%":[112],"(AU41).":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
