{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2133388447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2009.5413741","title":"Labelling color images by modelling the colors density using a linear combination of Gaussians and EM algorithm","display_name":"Labelling color images by modelling the colors density using a linear combination of Gaussians and EM algorithm","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2133388447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2009.5413741","mag":"2133388447"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2009.5413741","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2009.5413741","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108167435","display_name":"Asem Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0503-4838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Asem M. Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory (CVIP Lab), University of Louisville, Louisville, KY","Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory (CVIP Lab), University of Louisville, KY 40292, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory (CVIP Lab), University of Louisville, Louisville, KY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory (CVIP Lab), University of Louisville, KY 40292, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101609958","display_name":"Amal Farag","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amal A. Farag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory (CVIP Lab), University of Louisville, Louisville, KY","Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory (CVIP Lab), University of Louisville, KY 40292, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory (CVIP Lab), University of Louisville, Louisville, KY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory (CVIP Lab), University of Louisville, KY 40292, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111722768","display_name":"Aly A. Farag","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aly A. Farag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory (CVIP Lab), University of Louisville, Louisville, KY","Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory (CVIP Lab), University of Louisville, KY 40292, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory (CVIP Lab), University of Louisville, Louisville, KY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory (CVIP Lab), University of Louisville, KY 40292, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108167435"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9707,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78939328,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"1645","last_page":"1648"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.6794471144676208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/density-estimation","display_name":"Density estimation","score":0.6391003727912903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.6346045732498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5698825716972351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5510523915290833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.5474035739898682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5273333787918091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49551713466644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4389338493347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.43343549966812134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-model","display_name":"Parametric model","score":0.4113865792751312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.17211860418319702}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.6794471144676208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189508267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17088227","display_name":"Density estimation","level":3,"score":0.6391003727912903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.6346045732498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5698825716972351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5510523915290833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.5474035739898682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5273333787918091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49551713466644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4389338493347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43343549966812134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24574437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7135228","display_name":"Parametric model","level":3,"score":0.4113865792751312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.17211860418319702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2009.5413741","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2009.5413741","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1559345028","https://openalex.org/W1972544340","https://openalex.org/W1993472818","https://openalex.org/W2030908003","https://openalex.org/W2070898270","https://openalex.org/W2087136258","https://openalex.org/W2093851108","https://openalex.org/W2115384210","https://openalex.org/W2121927366","https://openalex.org/W2128135797","https://openalex.org/W2133329826","https://openalex.org/W2137117160","https://openalex.org/W2143956139","https://openalex.org/W2158899565","https://openalex.org/W2799061466","https://openalex.org/W4244494905","https://openalex.org/W4251617133","https://openalex.org/W6648690650","https://openalex.org/W7014191107"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1578916557","https://openalex.org/W2017090935","https://openalex.org/W63219142","https://openalex.org/W1570464650","https://openalex.org/W1528820368","https://openalex.org/W2919740138","https://openalex.org/W2187148935","https://openalex.org/W1569550976","https://openalex.org/W2543710962","https://openalex.org/W2043285515"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Parametric":[0],"density":[1,35,46,54],"estimation":[2,16],"is":[3,71],"widely":[4],"used":[5],"to":[6,33],"solve":[7],"many":[8,24,114],"image":[9],"processing":[10],"problems.":[11],"We":[12,42,85],"examined":[13],"the":[14,37,44,51,62,65,68,87],"parametric":[15],"using":[17,73,92],"linear":[18,75],"combination":[19,76],"of":[20,36,47,77,89,105],"1D":[21],"Gaussians":[22,79],"in":[23,39,50],"works.":[25],"In":[26],"this":[27,90],"work,":[28],"we":[29],"extend":[30],"our":[31,93],"model":[32,91],"estimate":[34,86],"colors":[38],"color":[40,106],"images.":[41],"approximate":[43],"marginal":[45],"each":[48],"class":[49],"empirical":[52,69],"probability":[53],"function":[55],"by":[56],"a":[57,74],"3D":[58,78],"Gaussian":[59],"distribution.":[60],"Then,":[61],"deviation":[63],"between":[64],"estimated":[66],"and":[67,82,109],"densities":[70],"modelled":[72],"with":[80,113],"positive":[81],"negative":[83],"components.":[84],"parameters":[88],"modified":[94],"EM":[95],"algorithm.":[96],"The":[97],"proposed":[98],"framework":[99],"demonstrates":[100],"very":[101],"promising":[102],"experimental":[103],"results":[104],"images":[107],"labelling":[108],"can":[110],"be":[111],"integrated":[112],"other":[115],"frameworks.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}