{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2124582295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2009.5413535","title":"Head detection for video surveillance based on categorical hair and skin colour models","display_name":"Head detection for video surveillance based on categorical hair and skin colour models","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2124582295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2009.5413535","mag":"2124582295"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2009.5413535","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2009.5413535","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/bitstream/10453/10736/3/2009002191_Zhang.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059612492","display_name":"Zui Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Sydney University of Technology, Sydney, Australia","Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology , University of Technology , Sydney (UTS), Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Sydney University of Technology, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466","https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology , University of Technology , Sydney (UTS), Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060090893","display_name":"Hatice G\u00fcne\u015f","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2407-3012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hatice Gunes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Sydney University of Technology, Sydney, Australia","Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology , University of Technology , Sydney (UTS), Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Sydney University of Technology, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466","https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology , University of Technology , Sydney (UTS), Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080014791","display_name":"Massimo Piccardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9250-6604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimo Piccardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Sydney University of Technology, Sydney, Australia","Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology , University of Technology , Sydney (UTS), Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Sydney University of Technology, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466","https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology , University of Technology , Sydney (UTS), Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059612492"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466","https://openalex.org/I129604602"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6561,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72805009,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1137","last_page":"1140"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorical-variable","display_name":"Categorical variable","score":0.7373266220092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6724549531936646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6456712484359741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6211235523223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.560226559638977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tilt","display_name":"Tilt (camera)","score":0.5364366769790649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prior-probability","display_name":"Prior probability","score":0.5278971791267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.5060126185417175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head","display_name":"Head (geology)","score":0.48100194334983826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.46913832426071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4039447605609894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19217753410339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.13307368755340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.08618178963661194}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5274069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285707","display_name":"Categorical variable","level":2,"score":0.7373266220092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6724549531936646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6456712484359741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6211235523223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.560226559638977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779844322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919140","display_name":"Tilt (camera)","level":2,"score":0.5364366769790649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177769412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278090","display_name":"Prior probability","level":3,"score":0.5278971791267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.5060126185417175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780312720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5689100","display_name":"Head (geology)","level":2,"score":0.48100194334983826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.46913832426071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4039447605609894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19217753410339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.13307368755340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.08618178963661194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2009.5413535","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2009.5413535","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.lib.uts.edu.au:10453/10736","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10453/10736","pdf_url":"https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/bitstream/10453/10736/3/2009002191_Zhang.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401357","display_name":"UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","host_organization_name":"University of Technology Sydney","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Proceeding"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.lib.uts.edu.au:10453/10736","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10453/10736","pdf_url":"https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/bitstream/10453/10736/3/2009002191_Zhang.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401357","display_name":"UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","host_organization_name":"University of Technology Sydney","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Proceeding"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2124582295.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2124582295.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1607414000","https://openalex.org/W1847323090","https://openalex.org/W2023629896","https://openalex.org/W2100986022","https://openalex.org/W2106309274","https://openalex.org/W2107634464","https://openalex.org/W2137525904","https://openalex.org/W2152756361","https://openalex.org/W2155627567","https://openalex.org/W2172280255","https://openalex.org/W4244789953","https://openalex.org/W6639007524","https://openalex.org/W6675389492"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2580650124","https://openalex.org/W4386190339","https://openalex.org/W2968424575","https://openalex.org/W3142333283","https://openalex.org/W4389670110","https://openalex.org/W2187546663","https://openalex.org/W3122088529","https://openalex.org/W2429057255","https://openalex.org/W148745890","https://openalex.org/W2611942503"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,43],"propose":[1],"a":[2,30,45],"new":[3,31],"robust":[4],"head":[5,35],"detection":[6],"algorithm":[7,111],"that":[8],"is":[9],"capable":[10],"of":[11,18,60,70,108],"handling":[12],"significantly":[13],"different":[14,74],"conditions":[15,76],"in":[16,112],"terms":[17],"viewpoint,":[19],"tilt":[20],"angle,":[21],"scale":[22],"and":[23,40,50,53,65,67,79,92,116],"resolution.":[24],"To":[25],"this":[26],"aim,":[27],"we":[28],"built":[29],"model":[32,47,87],"for":[33,48,57],"the":[34,55,73,89,106,109],"based":[36,98],"on":[37,99],"appearance":[38],"distributions":[39],"shape":[41,82],"constraints.":[42],"construct":[44],"categorical":[46],"hair":[49,61],"skin,":[51],"separately,":[52],"train":[54],"models":[56],"four":[58],"categories":[59,69],"(brown,":[62],"red,":[63],"blond":[64],"black)":[66],"three":[68],"skin":[71],"representing":[72],"illumination":[75],"(bright,":[77],"standard":[78],"dark).":[80],"The":[81,102],"constraint":[83],"fits":[84],"an":[85],"elliptical":[86],"to":[88],"candidate":[90],"region":[91],"compares":[93],"its":[94],"parameters":[95],"with":[96],"priors":[97],"human":[100],"anatomy.":[101],"experimental":[103],"results":[104],"validate":[105],"usability":[107],"proposed":[110],"various":[113],"video":[114],"surveillance":[115],"multimedia":[117],"applications.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}