{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2159309835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2009.5413391","title":"Classification of water regions in SAR images using level sets and non-parametric density estimation","display_name":"Classification of water regions in SAR images using level sets and non-parametric density estimation","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2159309835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2009.5413391","mag":"2159309835"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2009.5413391","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2009.5413391","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065818684","display_name":"Margarida Silveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7777-3675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203847022","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/04ea70f07","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203847022"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109601","display_name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias","ror":"https://ror.org/022mzwp71","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109601","https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152517","display_name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico","ror":"https://ror.org/03db2by73","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Margarida Silveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Lisboa, Portugal","Instituto de Sistemas e Rob\u00f3tica, Lisboa, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203847022","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Sistemas e Rob\u00f3tica, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109601"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044671927","display_name":"Sandra Heleno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1633-0218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152517","display_name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico","ror":"https://ror.org/03db2by73","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]}],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandra Heleno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico","Instituto de Engenharia de Estruturas, Territ\u00f3rio e Constru\u00e7\u00e3o, Lisboa, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Engenharia de Estruturas, Territ\u00f3rio e Constru\u00e7\u00e3o, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065818684"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203847022","https://openalex.org/I4210109601","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.584,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72808529,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1685","last_page":"1688"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.6930501461029053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6437079906463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.616968035697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.5980254411697388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5695363283157349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5643610954284668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5332374572753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-density-estimation","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","score":0.5118414759635925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/density-estimation","display_name":"Density estimation","score":0.5116877555847168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.49616894125938416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/level-set","display_name":"Level set (data structures)","score":0.4533500075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3625313937664032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.28008782863616943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09967255592346191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.6930501461029053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6437079906463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.616968035697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.5980254411697388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5695363283157349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5643610954284668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5332374572753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71134354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458825","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","level":3,"score":0.5118414759635925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189508267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17088227","display_name":"Density estimation","level":3,"score":0.5116877555847168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.49616894125938416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153008295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535093","display_name":"Level set (data structures)","level":2,"score":0.4533500075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3625313937664032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28008782863616943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09967255592346191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2009.5413391","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2009.5413391","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1602107991","https://openalex.org/W1970323848","https://openalex.org/W1978271497","https://openalex.org/W1991113069","https://openalex.org/W2014076908","https://openalex.org/W2029243267","https://openalex.org/W2037432545","https://openalex.org/W2062733184","https://openalex.org/W2085845644","https://openalex.org/W2108077184","https://openalex.org/W2116040950","https://openalex.org/W2118020555","https://openalex.org/W2120790818","https://openalex.org/W2122166205","https://openalex.org/W2129817193","https://openalex.org/W2130863745","https://openalex.org/W2134392507","https://openalex.org/W2137993841","https://openalex.org/W2142026865","https://openalex.org/W2144857435","https://openalex.org/W2164453045","https://openalex.org/W4238717354","https://openalex.org/W6681623017"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482149696","https://openalex.org/W2583877436","https://openalex.org/W2465871978","https://openalex.org/W2351755528","https://openalex.org/W2144201579","https://openalex.org/W4240479520","https://openalex.org/W1528102763","https://openalex.org/W2585385340","https://openalex.org/W1569550976","https://openalex.org/W4297926828"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3],"semi-supervised":[4],"algorithm":[5],"for":[6],"the":[7,29,35,48,51,66,68,81,84,87,92],"classification":[8],"of":[9,28,34,76,83,94],"water":[10],"regions":[11],"in":[12,55,100],"SAR":[13,77,103],"images.":[14,104],"The":[15,38],"proposed":[16,85],"technique":[17],"is":[18,89],"based":[19,22],"on":[20],"region":[21,57],"level":[23,39],"sets":[24],"and":[25,46,97],"non-parametric":[26,62],"estimation":[27,64],"probability":[30],"density":[31,63],"function":[32],"(PDF)":[33],"pixel":[36],"intensities.":[37],"set":[40],"framework":[41],"allows":[42],"automatic":[43],"topology":[44],"adaptation":[45],"provides":[47],"regularization":[49],"while":[50],"PDF's":[52],"are":[53],"estimated":[54],"each":[56],"using":[58],"Parzen":[59],"windows.":[60],"Using":[61],"gives":[65],"method":[67,88],"flexibility":[69],"to":[70,91],"be":[71],"used":[72],"with":[73],"different":[74],"kinds":[75],"data.":[78],"To":[79],"illustrate":[80],"performance":[82],"algorithm,":[86],"applied":[90],"problems":[93],"river":[95],"mapping":[96],"coastline":[98],"extraction":[99],"real":[101],"amplitude":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}