{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2154441479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2008.4712090","title":"Improving generalization for gender classification","display_name":"Improving generalization for gender classification","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2154441479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2008.4712090","mag":"2154441479"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2008.4712090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2008.4712090","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 15th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100519534","display_name":"Xue-Ming Leng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"XueMing Leng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100607418","display_name":"Yiding Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6596-2337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1456306","display_name":"North China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01nky7652","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1456306"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"YiDing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["North-China University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North-China University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1456306"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100519534"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1071,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88859151,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1656","last_page":"1659"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9046000242233276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-vector-quantization","display_name":"Learning vector quantization","score":0.8084801435470581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7071481943130493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6739524006843567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5819851160049438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5616224408149719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5533435940742493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.549592912197113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.5444068908691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5017414093017578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membership-function","display_name":"Membership function","score":0.4848848283290863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-set","display_name":"Fuzzy set","score":0.4259067177772522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.4216611385345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4181051254272461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vector-quantization","display_name":"Vector quantization","score":0.36269187927246094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2556861639022827}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40567965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820283","display_name":"Learning vector quantization","level":3,"score":0.8084801435470581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7071481943130493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6739524006843567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5819851160049438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5616224408149719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5533435940742493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.549592912197113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5444068908691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5017414093017578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5263885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1967302","display_name":"Membership function","level":4,"score":0.4848848283290863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42011625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055058","display_name":"Fuzzy set","level":3,"score":0.4259067177772522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.4216611385345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4181051254272461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199833920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612536","display_name":"Vector quantization","level":2,"score":0.36269187927246094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2556861639022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2008.4712090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2008.4712090","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 15th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Gender equality"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W116877356","https://openalex.org/W1990517717","https://openalex.org/W1994807229","https://openalex.org/W2064817890","https://openalex.org/W2095757522","https://openalex.org/W2101392314","https://openalex.org/W2119404135","https://openalex.org/W2123687672","https://openalex.org/W2143750468","https://openalex.org/W2165731615","https://openalex.org/W6604804374","https://openalex.org/W6678393071"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2160451891","https://openalex.org/W2041636156","https://openalex.org/W3200612453","https://openalex.org/W1992825654","https://openalex.org/W1835182418","https://openalex.org/W3049633467","https://openalex.org/W3106711507","https://openalex.org/W2559504630","https://openalex.org/W1869928576","https://openalex.org/W2788487682"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,109],"addresses":[2],"the":[3,7,32,69,76,93,103],"problem":[4],"of":[5,34,53,72],"improving":[6],"generalization":[8,125],"ability":[9],"for":[10],"gender":[11,85,104],"classification.":[12],"An":[13],"approach":[14],"based":[15,87],"on":[16,43,68,88,92],"Fuzzy":[17],"SVM":[18],"(FSVM)":[19],"is":[20,59,90],"developed":[21],"to":[22,39],"improve":[23],"it.":[24],"The":[25,64,84,99],"fuzzy":[26,55],"membership":[27,56,77],"used":[28],"in":[29,61,107,124],"FSVM":[30,89],"indicates":[31],"degree":[33],"one":[35],"person\u2019s":[36],"face":[37,97],"belonging":[38],"female/male":[40],"faces.":[41],"Based":[42],"Learning":[44],"Vector":[45],"Quantization":[46],"(LVQ)":[47],"learning":[48],"process,":[49],"a":[50],"novel":[51],"method":[52,65],"generating":[54],"function":[57,78],"automatically":[58],"proposed":[60],"this":[62,108],"paper.":[63],"doesn\u2019t":[66],"rely":[67],"apriori":[70],"information":[71],"data":[73],"and":[74,118,120],"generates":[75],"as":[79,81,115],"objective":[80],"may":[82],"be.":[83],"classifier":[86,105],"evaluated":[91],"FERET,":[94],"CAS-PEAL,":[95],"BUAA-IRIP":[96],"databases.":[98],"results":[100],"show":[101,121],"that":[102],"presented":[106],"can":[110],"tolerate":[111],"more":[112],"variations":[113],"such":[114],"illumination,":[116],"expression":[117],"pose":[119],"good":[122],"performance":[123],"ability.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}