{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2154388365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2007.4380018","title":"Directional Local Contrast Based Blood Vessel Detection in Retinal Images","display_name":"Directional Local Contrast Based Blood Vessel Detection in Retinal Images","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2154388365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2007.4380018","mag":"2154388365"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2007.4380018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2007.4380018","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100447227","display_name":"Ming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8260-0437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024732465","display_name":"Jyh\u2010Charn Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1330-5092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jyh-Charn Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100447227"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.472,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71531202,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"IV ","last_page":" 317"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7504086494445801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.73829185962677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6909589767456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.618241012096405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6181183457374573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6167075037956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.5291961431503296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.43361207842826843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal","display_name":"Retinal","score":0.42676877975463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40838804841041565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3443002700805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.11889827251434326}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7504086494445801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.73829185962677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6909589767456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.618241012096405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6181183457374573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6167075037956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5291961431503296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43361207842826843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.42676877975463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40838804841041565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3443002700805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.11889827251434326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2007.4380018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2007.4380018","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066778284","https://openalex.org/W2076293758","https://openalex.org/W2105685332","https://openalex.org/W2115680416","https://openalex.org/W2118823856","https://openalex.org/W2134774992","https://openalex.org/W2145305441","https://openalex.org/W2150769593","https://openalex.org/W2166524747","https://openalex.org/W4321466059","https://openalex.org/W6677109675"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4255837520","https://openalex.org/W2069592018","https://openalex.org/W2075740387","https://openalex.org/W3135697610","https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W2387011115","https://openalex.org/W2171299904","https://openalex.org/W2358990940","https://openalex.org/W1647606319"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,155],"proposed":[4],"a":[5,165],"novel":[6],"algorithm":[7,25,33,199],"to":[8,53,135,146,179],"detect":[9],"blood":[10,67,71,82,124,162,170],"vessels":[11,163],"on":[12,76,190],"retinal":[13,193],"images.":[14],"By":[15],"using":[16,157],"directional":[17],"local":[18],"contrast":[19],"as":[20,164],"its":[21],"detection":[22,121],"feature,":[23],"our":[24,198],"is":[26,49,117,129,177],"highly":[27,44],"sensitive,":[28],"fast":[29],"and":[30,43,60,65,126,181,210],"accurate.":[31],"The":[32,115,173],"only":[34],"needs":[35],"integral":[36],"computing":[37],"with":[38,104],"very":[39,144],"simple":[40],"parameter":[41],"adjustments":[42],"suitable":[45],"for":[46,63,100,131,169],"parallelization.":[47],"It":[48],"much":[50],"more":[51],"robust":[52],"illumination":[54,137],"conditions":[55],"than":[56],"intensity":[57],"based":[58],"counterparts":[59],"equally":[61],"effective":[62],"large":[64,123],"small":[66],"vessel":[68,72,83,171],"detections.":[69],"Traditional":[70],"mapping":[73],"solutions":[74],"focused":[75],"detecting":[77],"the":[78,86,127,161,184],"most":[79],"number":[80,90],"of":[81,88,91,122,160,208],"pixels":[84],"at":[85],"cost":[87],"least":[89],"falsely":[92],"identified":[93],"background":[94],"pixels.":[95],"This":[96],"performance":[97,167,175,186],"criterion":[98],"works":[99],"well":[101,202],"illuminated":[102],"images":[103,133],"sharp":[105],"boundary,":[106],"but":[107],"it":[108,119,141,182],"does":[109],"not":[110],"address":[111],"two":[112,191,201],"major":[113],"concerns.":[114],"first":[116],"that":[118,130,197],"favors":[120],"vessels,":[125],"second":[128],"darker":[132],"(due":[134],"poor":[136],"or":[138],"pigment":[139],"colors)":[140],"can":[142],"be":[143],"difficult":[145],"generate":[147],"hand":[148],"traced":[149],"maps.":[150],"To":[151],"overcome":[152],"these":[153],"problems,":[154],"propose":[156],"central":[158],"lines":[159],"new":[166,174],"measure":[168,176],"mapping.":[172],"easy":[178],"evaluate,":[180],"complements":[183],"existing":[185,204],"measure.":[187],"Experiment":[188],"results":[189],"public":[192],"image":[194],"databases":[195],"show":[196],"outperforms":[200],"known":[203],"algorithms":[205],"in":[206],"terms":[207],"speeds":[209],"accuracy.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}