{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2116392741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2007.4379207","title":"3D City Modeling Based on Hidden Markov Model","display_name":"3D City Modeling Based on Hidden Markov Model","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2116392741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2007.4379207","mag":"2116392741"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2007.4379207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2007.4379207","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076585669","display_name":"Florent Lafarge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-976X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du num\u00e9rique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327553481","display_name":"Institut national de l\u2019information g\u00e9ographique et foresti\u00e8re","ror":"https://ror.org/05jxfge78","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327553481"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florent Lafarge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ariana Reseach Group-INRIA, Sophia-Antipolis, France","French Mapping Agency (IGN), Saint-Mande, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ariana Reseach Group-INRIA, Sophia-Antipolis, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"French Mapping Agency (IGN), Saint-Mande, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327553481"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106126872","display_name":"Xavier Descombes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7611-6021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du num\u00e9rique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xavier Descombes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ariana Reseach Group-INRIA, Sophia-Antipolis, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ariana Reseach Group-INRIA, Sophia-Antipolis, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018158883","display_name":"Josiane Zerubia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7444-0856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du num\u00e9rique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josiane Zerubia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ariana Reseach Group-INRIA, Sophia-Antipolis, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ariana Reseach Group-INRIA, Sophia-Antipolis, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039128487","display_name":"Fran\u00e7ois Pierrot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9638-4357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327553481","display_name":"Institut national de l\u2019information g\u00e9ographique et foresti\u00e8re","ror":"https://ror.org/05jxfge78","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327553481"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Pierrot-Deseilligny","raw_affiliation_strings":["French Mapping Agency (IGN), Saint-Mande, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"French Mapping Agency (IGN), Saint-Mande, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327553481"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2575,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95050946,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"II ","last_page":" 521"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viterbi-algorithm","display_name":"Viterbi algorithm","score":0.763181209564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7433894872665405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.7011160850524902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.5779304504394531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5554670095443726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.48936671018600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.4670124650001526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-model","display_name":"Parametric model","score":0.4630131423473358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.460771769285202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.41560304164886475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.39204585552215576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38274508714675903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3691749572753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.32605764269828796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12302029132843018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.11166033148765564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10388952493667603}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60582962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83886","display_name":"Viterbi algorithm","level":3,"score":0.763181209564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7433894872665405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.7011160850524902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.5779304504394531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5554670095443726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.48936671018600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.4670124650001526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24574437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7135228","display_name":"Parametric model","level":3,"score":0.4630131423473358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.460771769285202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.41560304164886475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.39204585552215576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38274508714675903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3691749572753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.32605764269828796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12302029132843018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.11166033148765564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10388952493667603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2007.4379207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2007.4379207","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1649464328","https://openalex.org/W1974851558","https://openalex.org/W1991133427","https://openalex.org/W2063658793","https://openalex.org/W2099001775","https://openalex.org/W2115632850","https://openalex.org/W2157270587","https://openalex.org/W2172255727","https://openalex.org/W2620860396","https://openalex.org/W6637009331","https://openalex.org/W6685532413","https://openalex.org/W6738504445"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136652457","https://openalex.org/W2169849734","https://openalex.org/W2116722627","https://openalex.org/W2129150969","https://openalex.org/W2236912844","https://openalex.org/W1975869217","https://openalex.org/W2401728283","https://openalex.org/W2383829109","https://openalex.org/W2379938888","https://openalex.org/W2849436992"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"an":[5],"automatic":[6],"method":[7],"for":[8],"the":[9,41,54,61,73,83],"3D":[10,33,62,77],"building":[11,42],"reconstruction":[12,63],"from":[13,29],"satellite":[14],"images.":[15],"The":[16],"proposed":[17],"approach":[18],"consists":[19],"in":[20],"reconstructing":[21],"buildings":[22],"by":[23],"assembling":[24],"simple":[25],"urban":[26],"structures":[27],"extracted":[28,45],"a":[30,37,57,68],"grammar":[31],"of":[32,48,76],"parametric":[34,78],"models,":[35],"as":[36,56],"\"LEGO\"":[38],"game.":[39],"First,":[40],"footprints":[43],"are":[44,80],"through":[46,67],"sequences":[47,75],"quadrilaterals:":[49],"it":[50],"allows":[51],"to":[52],"define":[53],"problem":[55],"causal":[58],"process.":[59],"Then,":[60],"stage":[64],"is":[65],"realized":[66],"Hidden":[69],"Markov":[70],"Model":[71],"and":[72],"optimal":[74],"objects":[79],"found":[81],"using":[82],"Viterbi":[84],"algorithm.":[85]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}