{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2116101094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2007.4378915","title":"Fast 3D Face Alignment and Improved Recognition Through Pyramidal Normal map Metric","display_name":"Fast 3D Face Alignment and Improved Recognition Through Pyramidal Normal map Metric","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2116101094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2007.4378915","mag":"2116101094"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2007.4378915","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2007.4378915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223844","display_name":"Proceedings - International Conference on Image Processing","issn_l":"1522-4880","issn":["1522-4880","2381-8549"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038161482","display_name":"Andrea F. Abate","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0472-0318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea F. Abate","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy","Univ. degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057168111","display_name":"Michele Nappi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2517-2867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Nappi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy","Univ. degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022728528","display_name":"Stefano Ricciardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2123-452X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Ricciardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy","Univ. degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113733748","display_name":"Gabriele Sabatino","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriele Sabatino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy","Univ. degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18070797,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":null,"first_page":"I ","last_page":" 157"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-closest-point","display_name":"Iterative closest point","score":0.761832058429718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7398817539215088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7219193577766418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.6867613792419434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6557556986808777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.6519675254821777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6296792030334473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5832749605178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.5630741119384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5493414998054504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifier","display_name":"Identifier","score":0.48396018147468567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.13920095562934875}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195958017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1675268","display_name":"Iterative closest point","level":3,"score":0.761832058429718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7398817539215088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7219193577766418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.6867613792419434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6557556986808777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.6519675254821777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6296792030334473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5832749605178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.5630741119384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5493414998054504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.48396018147468567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.13920095562934875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2007.4378915","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2007.4378915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223844","display_name":"Proceedings - International Conference on Image Processing","issn_l":"1522-4880","issn":["1522-4880","2381-8549"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W97821839","https://openalex.org/W1548614718","https://openalex.org/W1684576420","https://openalex.org/W1840441899","https://openalex.org/W1977664993","https://openalex.org/W2024765203","https://openalex.org/W2026186763","https://openalex.org/W2044584741","https://openalex.org/W2049981393","https://openalex.org/W2063549868","https://openalex.org/W2063668481","https://openalex.org/W2097251587","https://openalex.org/W2112131465","https://openalex.org/W2123136832","https://openalex.org/W2129253816","https://openalex.org/W2142989911","https://openalex.org/W2143671486","https://openalex.org/W2148440329","https://openalex.org/W2156404139","https://openalex.org/W2159568745","https://openalex.org/W2161116336","https://openalex.org/W6604021805","https://openalex.org/W6656354281","https://openalex.org/W6657234675","https://openalex.org/W6683755010"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4378651134","https://openalex.org/W2076845124","https://openalex.org/W2183964146","https://openalex.org/W2379932303","https://openalex.org/W4244892557","https://openalex.org/W3147744369","https://openalex.org/W4252684102","https://openalex.org/W2149037710","https://openalex.org/W2149281258","https://openalex.org/W2322340370"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Face's":[0],"tri-dimensional":[1],"shape":[2],"represents":[3],"a":[4,38,44,50,54,65,122,133,154],"highly":[5],"discriminating":[6],"yet":[7],"challenging":[8],"biometric":[9],"identifier":[10],"due":[11],"to":[12,19,41,49,67,97,146],"different":[13,159],"issues,":[14],"some":[15],"of":[16,70,135],"which":[17,35],"related":[18],"capture,":[20],"alignment":[21,60,116],"and":[22,128],"normalization.":[23],"This":[24],"paper":[25],"presents":[26],"an":[27],"improved":[28],"normal":[29,78,112],"map":[30,113],"based":[31],"face":[32,47,57,92,126],"recognition":[33,130],"approach,":[34],"relies":[36],"on":[37,153],"novel":[39],"method":[40,145],"automatically":[42],"align":[43],"captured":[45],"3D":[46,155],"mesh":[48],"reference":[51],"template,":[52],"allowing":[53],"more":[55],"precise":[56],"comparison.":[58],"The":[59,115],"algorithm":[61],"exploits":[62],"pyramidal-normal-map":[63],"metric,":[64],"coarse":[66],"finer":[68],"measurement":[69],"angular":[71],"distance":[72],"between":[73],"two":[74],"surfaces":[75],"computed":[76],"through":[77],"maps":[79],"with":[80],"progressively":[81],"increasing":[82],"resolution.":[83],"After":[84],"the":[85,90,102,119,136,140],"registration":[86],"has":[87],"been":[88],"performed,":[89],"normalized":[91],"can":[93],"be":[94],"rapidly":[95],"compared":[96],"any":[98],"other":[99],"template":[100],"in":[101],"gallery":[103],"database":[104],"for":[105,121],"authentication":[106],"or":[107,124],"identification":[108],"purposes":[109],"using":[110],"standard":[111],"metric.":[114],"approach":[117],"avoids":[118],"need":[120],"rough":[123],"manual":[125],"pre-alignment":[127],"maximizes":[129],"precision,":[131],"requiring":[132],"fraction":[134],"time":[137],"needed":[138],"by":[139],"iterative":[141],"closest":[142],"point":[143],"(ICP)":[144],"operate.":[147],"We":[148],"show":[149],"preliminary":[150],"experimental":[151],"results":[152],"dataset":[156],"featuring":[157],"235":[158],"subjects.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
