{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139425821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2005.1530580","title":"Kernel-based head tracker for videophony","display_name":"Kernel-based head tracker for videophony","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139425821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2005.1530580","mag":"2139425821"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2005.1530580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2005.1530580","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Image Processing 2005","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090286698","display_name":"Ilse Ravyse","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/008xxew50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}],"countries":["BE","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Ravyse","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETRO Department, Interdisciplinary Institute for Broadband Technology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","Dept. of ETRO, Vrije Univ. Brussel, Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETRO Department, Interdisciplinary Institute for Broadband Technology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of ETRO, Vrije Univ. Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113671142","display_name":"Valentin Enescu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/008xxew50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}],"countries":["BE","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Enescu","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETRO Department, Interdisciplinary Institute for Broadband Technology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","Dept. of ETRO, Vrije Univ. Brussel, Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETRO Department, Interdisciplinary Institute for Broadband Technology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of ETRO, Vrije Univ. Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073820422","display_name":"Hichem Sahli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1774-2970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/008xxew50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}],"countries":["BE","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Sahli","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETRO Department, Interdisciplinary Institute for Broadband Technology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","Dept. of ETRO, Vrije Univ. Brussel, Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETRO Department, Interdisciplinary Institute for Broadband Technology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of ETRO, Vrije Univ. Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7945,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8691434,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"III","last_page":"1068"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8290050625801086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7260243892669678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7118324637413025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5308804512023926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5252330303192139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4680706262588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","score":0.4613080322742462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4565344750881195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affine-transformation","display_name":"Affine transformation","score":0.44630804657936096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.4182385504245758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2072499692440033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8290050625801086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7260243892669678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7118324637413025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5308804512023926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5252330303192139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4680706262588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4613080322742462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4565344750881195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92757383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382497","display_name":"Affine transformation","level":2,"score":0.44630804657936096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.4182385504245758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2072499692440033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2005.1530580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2005.1530580","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Image Processing 2005","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W150708917","https://openalex.org/W1799010822","https://openalex.org/W1982971655","https://openalex.org/W2027913912","https://openalex.org/W2034058812","https://openalex.org/W2113813113","https://openalex.org/W2117239879","https://openalex.org/W2121601095","https://openalex.org/W2126178892","https://openalex.org/W2146484478","https://openalex.org/W2153493250","https://openalex.org/W2164115409","https://openalex.org/W2169824150","https://openalex.org/W6606066642","https://openalex.org/W6638607122","https://openalex.org/W6657399103","https://openalex.org/W6681931915"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1655720158","https://openalex.org/W2369361542","https://openalex.org/W1499828956","https://openalex.org/W647759170","https://openalex.org/W2366854666","https://openalex.org/W2492925340","https://openalex.org/W2595523213","https://openalex.org/W2006176066","https://openalex.org/W103088352","https://openalex.org/W2900275675"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"approach":[1,86],"for":[2],"automatically":[3],"segmenting":[4],"and":[5,38,50,102,107,127,138],"tracking":[6,54,85,139],"a":[7,10,27,65,69,95],"face":[8,18,31,40,45],"in":[9,20,58,88],"sequence":[11],"of":[12,26,55,83,91,104,115],"color":[13,36,51],"images":[14],"is":[15,62],"presented.":[16],"The":[17,53,113,132],"detection":[19,137],"the":[21,30,39,43,56,59,75,81,89,99,105,122,125,128],"initial":[22],"image":[23],"frame":[24],"consists":[25],"two-step":[28],"process:":[29],"candidates":[32],"selection,":[33],"using":[34],"skin":[35],"clustering,":[37],"verification,":[41],"yielding":[42],"best":[44],"candidate":[46],"based":[47],"on":[48],"shape":[49],"cues.":[52],"head":[57,76,130],"subsequent":[60],"frames":[61],"performed":[63],"via":[64],"kernel-based":[66],"method":[67],"wherein":[68],"joint":[70],"spatial-color":[71],"probability":[72],"density":[73],"characterizes":[74],"region.":[77],"In":[78],"this":[79],"context,":[80],"novelty":[82],"our":[84],"lies":[87],"introduction":[90],"two":[92],"parametric":[93],"models:":[94],"geometric":[96],"transformation":[97],"enabling":[98],"rotation,":[100],"scaling,":[101],"translation":[103],"target,":[106],"an":[108],"affine":[109],"illumination":[110],"change":[111],"model.":[112],"parameters":[114],"these":[116],"models":[117],"are":[118],"estimated":[119],"by":[120],"minimizing":[121],"similarity":[123],"between":[124],"predicted":[126],"current":[129],"appearance.":[131],"proposed":[133],"algorithms":[134],"achieve":[135],"reliable":[136],"results.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}