{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2149453031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2004.1418710","title":"Evaluation of shadow classification techniques for object detection and tracking","display_name":"Evaluation of shadow classification techniques for object detection and tracking","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2149453031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2004.1418710","mag":"2149453031"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2004.1418710","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2004.1418710","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 International Conference on Image Processing, 2004. ICIP '04.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110253889","display_name":"J. Renno","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205051169","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbqza97","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.-P.R. Renno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digial Imaging Research Centre [DIRC], Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digial Imaging Research Centre [DIRC], Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113511337","display_name":"James Orwell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205051169","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbqza97","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Orwell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digial Imaging Research Centre [DIRC], Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digial Imaging Research Centre [DIRC], Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108496758","display_name":"G.A. Jones","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205051169","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbqza97","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G.A. Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digial Imaging Research Centre [DIRC], Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digial Imaging Research Centre [DIRC], Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7694,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72575396,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"143","last_page":"146"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8071695566177368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7064881324768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6240454316139221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6185950040817261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","score":0.6161394715309143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5016603469848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.49855542182922363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4685453176498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4670177102088928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4453846514225006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33541440963745117}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8071695566177368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7064881324768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6240454316139221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6185950040817261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6161394715309143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5016603469848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.49855542182922363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4685453176498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4670177102088928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4453846514225006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33541440963745117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2004.1418710","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2004.1418710","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 International Conference on Image Processing, 2004. ICIP '04.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.502.691","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.502.691","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://dircweb.kingston.ac.uk/papers/Renno_J.R.2004_985521/ICIP04_Jpr.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.kingston.ac.uk:1589","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/id/eprint/1589/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W190081276","https://openalex.org/W1568589399","https://openalex.org/W2072595688","https://openalex.org/W2102625004","https://openalex.org/W2129287653","https://openalex.org/W2142442393","https://openalex.org/W2143373691","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6607709532","https://openalex.org/W6634125215"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2893218741","https://openalex.org/W2558319350","https://openalex.org/W1492594177","https://openalex.org/W1842742976","https://openalex.org/W2803235238","https://openalex.org/W399661440","https://openalex.org/W410356389","https://openalex.org/W1992929574","https://openalex.org/W3112085556","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"a":[1,72,76],"football":[2],"stadium":[3],"environment":[4],"with":[5,56],"multiple":[6],"overhead":[7],"floodlights,":[8],"many":[9],"protruding":[10],"shadows":[11,46],"can":[12],"be":[13],"observed":[14],"originating":[15],"from":[16,64],"each":[17,92,103,113],"of":[18,34,60,75,79,93,104,112],"the":[19,35,61,65,69,80,89,94,105,110,122],"targets.":[20],"To":[21,87],"track":[22],"individual":[23],"targets":[24],"successfully,":[25],"it":[26],"is":[27,71],"essential":[28],"to":[29,42,84],"achieve":[30],"an":[31],"accurate":[32],"representation":[33],"foreground.":[36,48],"Many":[37],"existing":[38],"techniques":[39,54],"are":[40,100],"sensitive":[41],"shadows,":[43],"falsely":[44],"classifying":[45],"as":[47],"The":[49],"paper":[50],"presents":[51],"four":[52,96],"different":[53],"associated":[55],"shadow":[57,85],"classification.":[58],"Three":[59],"classifiers":[62],"originate":[63],"review":[66],"material":[67],"whilst":[68],"fourth":[70],"novel":[73],"application":[74],"real-time":[77],"implementation":[78],"k-nearest":[81],"neighbour":[82],"algorithm":[83],"identification.":[86],"assess":[88,118],"performance":[90,111],"for":[91],"classifiers,":[95],"quantitative":[97],"evaluation":[98,106],"metrics":[99],"proposed.":[101],"Using":[102],"metrics,":[107],"we":[108],"discuss":[109],"classifier's":[114],"segmentation":[115],"results":[116],"and":[117],"their":[119],"impact":[120],"on":[121],"tracking":[123],"performance.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
