{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1538078697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2004.1418676","title":"A survey on ISAR autofocusing techniques","display_name":"A survey on ISAR autofocusing techniques","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1538078697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2004.1418676","mag":"1538078697"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2004.1418676","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2004.1418676","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 International Conference on Image Processing, 2004. ICIP '04.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020206189","display_name":"F. Berizzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5513-9064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"F. Berizzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031990101","display_name":"Marco Martorella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8985-5069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Martorella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109840812","display_name":"B. Haywood","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1303474014","display_name":"Defence Science and Technology Group","ror":"https://ror.org/05ddrvt52","country_code":"AU","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303474014","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I3139952251"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Haywood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Defence Science\uc2a0and\uc2a0Technology Organization, Edinburgh, SA, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Defence Science\uc2a0and\uc2a0Technology Organization, Edinburgh, SA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1303474014"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032250882","display_name":"E. Dalle Mese","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E.D. Mese","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050464310","display_name":"S. Bruscoli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Bruscoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020206189"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":92.9858,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":79,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99743896,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"9","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7954084873199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.7469840049743652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7388941645622253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5373194813728333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5327014923095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.47363346815109253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4436037242412567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-model","display_name":"Parametric model","score":0.4308111369609833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.39631524682044983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.2229551374912262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.144174724817276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1006600558757782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07026869058609009}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109094680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6060432","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","level":4,"score":0.7954084873199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.7469840049743652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7388941645622253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5373194813728333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5327014923095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.47363346815109253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4436037242412567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24574437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7135228","display_name":"Parametric model","level":3,"score":0.4308111369609833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.39631524682044983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.2229551374912262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.144174724817276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1006600558757782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07026869058609009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2004.1418676","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2004.1418676","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 International Conference on Image Processing, 2004. ICIP '04.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/84451","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11568/84451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/85833","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11568/85833","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1957438753","https://openalex.org/W1967901539","https://openalex.org/W2017832133","https://openalex.org/W2085845620","https://openalex.org/W2110965352","https://openalex.org/W2117341388","https://openalex.org/W2148525506","https://openalex.org/W2148752651","https://openalex.org/W6677326783"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2996630340","https://openalex.org/W2540450177","https://openalex.org/W2170580735","https://openalex.org/W1552305638","https://openalex.org/W1915418828","https://openalex.org/W2547107543","https://openalex.org/W2545123933","https://openalex.org/W2031673444","https://openalex.org/W1994788526","https://openalex.org/W2613451563"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"many":[1],"years":[2],"of":[3,38,55,65,79,83],"research,":[4],"several":[5],"ISAR":[6,80],"autofocusing":[7],"techniques":[8,50],"have":[9],"been":[10],"proposed.":[11],"Today,":[12],"we":[13],"can":[14],"divide":[15],"them":[16],"into":[17],"two":[18,35],"main":[19],"categories:":[20],"parametric":[21,56],"and":[22,29,47,63,70],"non-parametric":[23,39],"techniques.":[24,57],"The":[25],"prominent":[26],"point":[27],"processing":[28],"the":[30,42,61],"phase":[31],"gradient":[32],"algorithm":[33],"are":[34,68],"classical":[36],"examples":[37],"techniques,":[40],"whereas":[41],"more":[43],"recent":[44],"image":[45,81],"contrast":[46],"entropy":[48],"based":[49],"represent":[51],"a":[52,71],"new":[53],"generation":[54],"In":[58],"this":[59],"paper,":[60],"advantages":[62],"disadvantages":[64],"each":[66],"technique":[67],"highlighted":[69],"performance":[72],"analysis":[73],"is":[74],"carried":[75],"out":[76],"by":[77],"means":[78],"reconstruction":[82],"real":[84],"data.":[85]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
