{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1603572545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2003.1247415","title":"Detection and counting of cars in aerial images","display_name":"Detection and counting of cars in aerial images","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1603572545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2003.1247415","mag":"1603572545"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2003.1247415","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2003.1247415","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings 2003 International Conference on Image Processing (Cat. No.03CH37429)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084538309","display_name":"Stefan Hinz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7323-9800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. Hinz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany","Technische Univ. Munchen, Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Univ. Munchen, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084538309"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6552,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84341798,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"III","last_page":"997"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7768387794494629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7485966682434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7388747930526733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/windshield","display_name":"Windshield","score":0.7246642112731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","score":0.6087509989738464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.49123281240463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.48715612292289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-image","display_name":"Aerial image","score":0.484548956155777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.47521263360977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.4209243059158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4051545262336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3842587172985077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12977316975593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10338497161865234}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7768387794494629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7485966682434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7388747930526733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780387288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13693","display_name":"Windshield","level":2,"score":0.7246642112731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6087509989738464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.49123281240463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.48715612292289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776429412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4688011","display_name":"Aerial image","level":3,"score":0.484548956155777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.47521263360977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.4209243059158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4051545262336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3842587172985077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12977316975593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10338497161865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2003.1247415","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2003.1247415","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings 2003 International Conference on Image Processing (Cat. No.03CH37429)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.92.8987","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.92.8987","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ipk.bv.tum.de/site_lpf/site_new/download/pub/2003/hinz_icip03.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1213682862","https://openalex.org/W1607393302","https://openalex.org/W1608462934","https://openalex.org/W1979770060","https://openalex.org/W2019553201","https://openalex.org/W2048605480","https://openalex.org/W2080779451","https://openalex.org/W2093832627","https://openalex.org/W2134764287","https://openalex.org/W2142961876","https://openalex.org/W2155511848","https://openalex.org/W6627875217","https://openalex.org/W6636200518"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313189079","https://openalex.org/W1975196350","https://openalex.org/W2355178406","https://openalex.org/W4313015519","https://openalex.org/W4386172951","https://openalex.org/W1813089186","https://openalex.org/W2375242300","https://openalex.org/W4387860633","https://openalex.org/W2393892504","https://openalex.org/W3142730292"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,21,45,83],"new":[4],"approach":[5,116],"to":[6,96,109],"automatic":[7],"car":[8],"detection":[9],"in":[10,104],"monocular":[11],"large":[12],"scale":[13],"aerial":[14],"images.":[15],"The":[16,54],"extraction":[17,80,87],"is":[18,88],"based":[19],"on":[20,65,120],"hierarchical":[22],"3D-model":[23],"that":[24],"describes":[25],"the":[26,58,69,77,93,97,101,105,112,132,141,146],"prominent":[27],"geometric":[28],"features":[29,63],"of":[30,35,44,61,111,134,149],"cars":[31],"or":[32,81,126],"different":[33,62],"levels":[34],"detail.":[36],"Furthermore,":[37],"vehicle":[38,66],"color,":[39,41],"windshield":[40],"and":[42,68,99],"intensity":[43],"car's":[46],"shadow":[47],"area":[48],"are":[49,74],"included":[50],"as":[51],"radiometric":[52],"features.":[53],"model":[55,94],"automatically":[56],"adapts":[57],"expected":[59],"saliency":[60],"depending":[64],"color":[67],"current":[70],"illumination":[71],"direction":[72],"which":[73,143],"measured":[75],"from":[76],"image":[78,98],"during":[79],"given":[82],"priori,":[84],"respectively.":[85],"Car":[86],"carried":[89],"out":[90],"by":[91],"matching":[92],"\"top-down\"":[95],"evaluating":[100],"support":[102],"found":[103],"image.":[106],"In":[107],"contrast":[108],"most":[110],"related":[113],"work,":[114],"our":[115,150],"does":[117],"not":[118],"rely":[119],"external":[121],"information":[122],"like":[123],"digital":[124],"maps":[125],"site":[127],"models.":[128],"Various":[129],"examples":[130],"illustrate":[131],"applicability":[133],"this":[135],"approach.":[136],"However,":[137],"they":[138],"also":[139],"show":[140],"deficiencies":[142],"clearly":[144],"define":[145],"next":[147],"steps":[148],"future":[151],"work.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
