{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2127390585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2002.1039898","title":"Face recognition using vector quantization histogram method","display_name":"Face recognition using vector quantization histogram method","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2127390585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2002.1039898","mag":"2127390585"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2002.1039898","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2002.1039898","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223844","display_name":"Proceedings - International Conference on Image Processing","issn_l":"1522-4880","issn":["1522-4880","2381-8549"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. International Conference on Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101569986","display_name":"Koji Kotani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4395-9978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Kotani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tohoku, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tohoku, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071392629","display_name":"Qiu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3079-9207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tohoku, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tohoku, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110826182","display_name":"T. Ohmi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Ohmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, University of Tohoku, Sendai, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, University of Tohoku, Sendai, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8204,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9162643,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"II","last_page":"105"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.8163928985595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.776009202003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7437394857406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vector-quantization","display_name":"Vector quantization","score":0.6487534642219543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6148078441619873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5895705223083496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5406195521354675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.5177585482597351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5045174360275269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.48792335391044617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.48233792185783386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4544317424297333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.44347167015075684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3227950930595398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.28427866101264954}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.8163928985595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.776009202003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7437394857406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199833920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612536","display_name":"Vector quantization","level":2,"score":0.6487534642219543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6148078441619873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5895705223083496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5406195521354675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5177585482597351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5045174360275269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.48792335391044617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.48233792185783386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4544317424297333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.44347167015075684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3227950930595398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.28427866101264954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2002.1039898","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2002.1039898","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223844","display_name":"Proceedings - International Conference on Image Processing","issn_l":"1522-4880","issn":["1522-4880","2381-8549"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. International Conference on Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1634005169","https://openalex.org/W2067807322","https://openalex.org/W2113341759","https://openalex.org/W2115689562","https://openalex.org/W2120954940","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2148557204","https://openalex.org/W2180187800","https://openalex.org/W4239123348","https://openalex.org/W6682015618"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2107628111","https://openalex.org/W1539956819","https://openalex.org/W2093152993","https://openalex.org/W2394004323","https://openalex.org/W2398764543","https://openalex.org/W1489554298","https://openalex.org/W2378212145","https://openalex.org/W2400327593","https://openalex.org/W2027335291","https://openalex.org/W4210328553"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"have":[1],"developed":[2],"a":[3,39,54,68],"very":[4,40],"simple":[5],"yet":[6],"highly":[7],"reliable":[8],"face":[9,60],"recognition":[10,61,69,117],"method":[11],"called":[12],"the":[13,33,92,106,116],"VQ":[14,51],"histogram":[15],"method.":[16],"A":[17],"codevector":[18],"referred":[19],"(or":[20],"matched)":[21],"count":[22],"histogram,":[23],"which":[24,83],"is":[25,36,103,119],"obtained":[26,104],"by":[27],"vector":[28],"quantization":[29],"(VQ)":[30],"processing":[31,52],"of":[32,71,76,101],"facial":[34,55],"image,":[35,56],"utilized":[37],"as":[38],"effective":[41],"personal":[42],"feature.":[43],"By":[44,109],"applying":[45],"appropriate":[46],"low":[47,112],"pass":[48,113],"filtering":[49,114],"and":[50,89],"to":[53,121],"useful":[57],"features":[58],"for":[59,73,105],"can":[62],"be":[63],"extracted.":[64],"Experimental":[65],"results":[66],"show":[67],"rate":[70,99,118],"95.6%":[72],"400":[74],"images":[75,80],"40":[77],"persons":[78],"(10":[79],"per":[81],"person),":[82],"contain":[84],"variations":[85],"in":[86],"lighting,":[87],"pose,":[88],"expression,":[90],"from":[91],"publicly":[93],"available":[94],"ORL":[95],"database.":[96],"Equal":[97],"error":[98],"(ERR)":[100],"2.6%":[102],"verification":[107],"experiment.":[108],"combining":[110],"multiple":[111],"procedures,":[115],"increased":[120],"97%":[122],"or":[123],"higher.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
