{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1558085135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2002.1038162","title":"A statistical analysis of diffraction-limited imaging","display_name":"A statistical analysis of diffraction-limited imaging","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1558085135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2002.1038162","mag":"1558085135"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2002.1038162","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2002.1038162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223844","display_name":"Proceedings - International Conference on Image Processing","issn_l":"1522-4880","issn":["1522-4880","2381-8549"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. International Conference on Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002085979","display_name":"Peyman Milanfar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1455-7662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. Milanfar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA","Electr. Eng. Dept., California Univ., Santa Cruz, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electr. Eng. Dept., California Univ., Santa Cruz, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110147009","display_name":"Ali Shakouri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1381-8947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Shakouri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA","Electr. Eng. Dept., California Univ., Santa Cruz, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electr. Eng. Dept., California Univ., Santa Cruz, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002085979"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9976,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87292007,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"I","last_page":"864"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10540","display_name":"Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10540","display_name":"Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11996","display_name":"Random lasers and scattering media","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3102","display_name":"Acoustics and Ultrasonics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limit","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","score":0.745470404624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-of-thumb","display_name":"Rule of thumb","score":0.7011692523956299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6566778421401978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/de-facto","display_name":"De facto","score":0.5653472542762756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.5554783344268799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5141425728797913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.5056478977203369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffraction","display_name":"Diffraction","score":0.47392186522483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-scattering","display_name":"Rayleigh scattering","score":0.45710691809654236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36863410472869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.35568225383758545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2769429087638855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27395302057266235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19244518876075745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18833523988723755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14226341247558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.0690525472164154}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.745470404624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89246107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1398821","display_name":"Rule of thumb","level":2,"score":0.7011692523956299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6566778421401978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992317946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q712144","display_name":"De facto","level":2,"score":0.5653472542762756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.5554783344268799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5141425728797913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.5056478977203369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207114421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900","display_name":"Diffraction","level":2,"score":0.47392186522483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46244369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193709","display_name":"Rayleigh scattering","level":2,"score":0.45710691809654236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36863410472869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.35568225383758545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2769429087638855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27395302057266235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19244518876075745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18833523988723755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14226341247558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0690525472164154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip.2002.1038162","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.2002.1038162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223844","display_name":"Proceedings - International Conference on Image Processing","issn_l":"1522-4880","issn":["1522-4880","2381-8549"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. International Conference on Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525535255","https://openalex.org/W1969266036","https://openalex.org/W1983348509","https://openalex.org/W2106613244","https://openalex.org/W2138682406"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2794909825","https://openalex.org/W2807906686","https://openalex.org/W4247715995","https://openalex.org/W2371349926","https://openalex.org/W2365515864","https://openalex.org/W2950805198","https://openalex.org/W2518047880","https://openalex.org/W2052813026","https://openalex.org/W3175075103","https://openalex.org/W2036433081"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Rayleigh":[1,86],"criterion":[2],"is":[3,39,74],"generally":[4],"regarded":[5],"as":[6,29],"a":[7,30,41],"fundamental":[8],"limit":[9,38,87],"and":[10,91],"due":[11],"to":[12,53,80,92,97],"its":[13],"practical":[14],"accuracy":[15],"in":[16],"predicting":[17],"the":[18,54,58,75,85,94],"performance":[19],"of":[20,45,57,77],"optical":[21],"imaging":[22],"systems,":[23],"it":[24,73],"has":[25],"unfortunately":[26],"become":[27],"accepted":[28],"de-facto":[31],"physical":[32],"law.":[33],"We":[34],"show":[35],"that":[36],"this":[37,78],"simply":[40],"very":[42],"good":[43],"rule":[44],"thumb,":[46],"which":[47],"under":[48],"proper":[49],"conditions":[50],"typically":[51],"related":[52],"signal-to-noise":[55],"(SNR)":[56],"sensor,":[59],"can":[60,89],"be":[61],"overcome.":[62],"While":[63],"we":[64],"do":[65],"not":[66],"discuss":[67],"specific":[68],"methodology":[69],"for":[70],"improving":[71],"resolution,":[72],"aim":[76],"work":[79],"explore":[81],"how":[82],"far":[83],"beyond":[84],"one":[88],"go,":[90],"identify":[93],"theoretical":[95],"limits":[96],"such":[98],"resolution":[99],"enhancement.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
