{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2783004431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iciinfs.2016.8263057","title":"A real-time non-intrusive load monitoring system","display_name":"A real-time non-intrusive load monitoring system","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2783004431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iciinfs.2016.8263057","mag":"2783004431"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iciinfs.2016.8263057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iciinfs.2016.8263057","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 11th International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems (ICIIS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074601746","display_name":"Shirantha Welikala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3470-7082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111199411","display_name":"University of Peradeniya","ror":"https://ror.org/025h79t26","country_code":"LK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111199411"]}],"countries":["LK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shirantha Welikala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Univrsity of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Univrsity of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111199411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102772331","display_name":"Chinthaka Dinesh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5698-1296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111199411","display_name":"University of Peradeniya","ror":"https://ror.org/025h79t26","country_code":"LK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111199411"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA","LK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chinthaka Dinesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Univrsity of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka","Simon Fraser University, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Univrsity of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111199411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103090325","display_name":"M. P. B. Ekanayake","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5639-8105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111199411","display_name":"University of Peradeniya","ror":"https://ror.org/025h79t26","country_code":"LK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111199411"]}],"countries":["LK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mervyn Parakrama B. Ekanayake","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Univrsity of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Univrsity of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111199411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088546755","display_name":"Roshan Godaliyadda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3495-481X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111199411","display_name":"University of Peradeniya","ror":"https://ror.org/025h79t26","country_code":"LK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111199411"]}],"countries":["LK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roshan Indika Godaliyadda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Univrsity of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Univrsity of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111199411"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063890598","display_name":"Janaka Ekanayake","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-3767"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111199411","display_name":"University of Peradeniya","ror":"https://ror.org/025h79t26","country_code":"LK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111199411"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB","LK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janaka Ekanayake","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff University, UK","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Univrsity of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Univrsity of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111199411"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074601746"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111199411"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4701,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84732167,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"pp","issue":null,"first_page":"850","last_page":"855"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.646828293800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5443370938301086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signature","display_name":"Signature (topology)","score":0.5307217836380005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphical-user-interface","display_name":"Graphical user interface","score":0.5135865211486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.5116662979125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.5098985433578491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matlab","display_name":"MATLAB","score":0.5035397410392761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3913075923919678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.33661189675331116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.13318601250648499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10945692658424377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.07625457644462585}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.646828293800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5443370938301086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5307217836380005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37789001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q782543","display_name":"Graphical user interface","level":2,"score":0.5135865211486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.5116662979125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.5098985433578491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169478","display_name":"MATLAB","level":2,"score":0.5035397410392761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3913075923919678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.33661189675331116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.13318601250648499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10945692658424377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.07625457644462585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iciinfs.2016.8263057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iciinfs.2016.8263057","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 11th International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems (ICIIS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:120777","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/120777/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1575617279","https://openalex.org/W1735866749","https://openalex.org/W2054303312","https://openalex.org/W2100955315","https://openalex.org/W2108281209","https://openalex.org/W2123910460","https://openalex.org/W2160175161","https://openalex.org/W2292806482","https://openalex.org/W2306506808","https://openalex.org/W2312071939","https://openalex.org/W6696923339"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4251298892","https://openalex.org/W2356013541","https://openalex.org/W2385444679","https://openalex.org/W3133868776","https://openalex.org/W2798849146","https://openalex.org/W2108774277","https://openalex.org/W4381278040","https://openalex.org/W2380427002","https://openalex.org/W2040991168","https://openalex.org/W4249795164"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"complete":[1],"real-time":[2,67,209],"(RT)":[3],"implementation":[4,201],"of":[5,17,99,163,186,215],"a":[6,55,62,110,141,164,195,211],"NonIntrusive":[7],"Load":[8],"Monitoring":[9],"(NILM)":[10],"system":[11],"based":[12],"on":[13,31],"uncorrelated":[14],"spectral":[15],"components":[16,104],"the":[18,81,94,117,123,136,148,153,159,168,173,184,193,206],"active":[19,57,96],"power":[20,58,97,161,178],"consumption":[21,162],"signal":[22,98],"is":[23],"presented.":[24],"Unlike":[25],"existing":[26],"NILM":[27],"techniques":[28],"that":[29],"rely":[30],"multiple":[32],"measurements":[33],"taken":[34,60],"at":[35,61],"high":[36],"sampling":[37,64],"rates":[38],"and,":[39],"yet":[40],"only":[41],"proven":[42],"in":[43,152,172,208],"simulated":[44],"environments,":[45],"this":[46],"proposed":[47,199],"RT-NILM":[48,200],"solution":[49],"yield":[50],"accurate":[51],"results":[52],"even":[53],"with":[54,80],"single":[56],"measurement":[59],"low":[63],"rate":[65],"from":[66,210],"hardware.":[68],"An":[69],"Active":[70],"Power":[71],"Meter":[72],"(APM)":[73],"was":[74,144,202],"developed":[75],"and":[76],"constructed,":[77],"then,":[78],"used":[79,181],"designed":[82,145],"MATLAB":[83],"<sup":[84],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[85],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">\u2122</sup>":[86],"Graphical":[87],"User":[88],"Interface":[89],"(GUI)":[90],"to":[91,108,134,146,182],"break":[92],"down":[93],"acquired":[95],"an":[100],"appliance":[101,114,137,150,188],"into":[102],"subspace":[103],"(SCs)":[105],"so":[106],"as":[107],"construct":[109],"unique":[111],"information":[112],"rich":[113],"signature":[115,138],"via":[116,167],"Karhunen":[118],"Love":[119],"expansion":[120],"(KLE).":[121],"Using":[122],"same":[124],"GUI,":[125],"signatures":[126],"for":[127],"all":[128],"possible":[129,187],"device":[130,165],"combinations":[131,189],"were":[132,180],"constructed":[133,169],"form":[135],"database.":[139],"Then,":[140],"separate":[142],"GUI":[143],"identify":[147],"turned-on":[149],"combination":[151,166],"current":[154],"time":[155],"window":[156],"after":[157],"reading":[158],"total":[160],"APM.":[170],"There":[171],"identification":[174],"process,":[175],"SC":[176],"level":[177],"conditions":[179],"reduce":[183],"number":[185],"rapidly":[190],"before":[191],"applying":[192],"maximum":[194],"posteriori":[196],"estimation.":[197],"The":[198],"validated":[203],"by":[204],"feeding":[205],"data":[207],"laboratory":[212],"arrangement":[213],"consisting":[214],"ten":[216],"household":[217],"appliances.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
