{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2143067375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ichr.2009.5379546","title":"HMM-based human motion recognition with optical flow data","display_name":"HMM-based human motion recognition with optical flow data","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2143067375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ichr.2009.5379546","mag":"2143067375"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ichr.2009.5379546","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ichr.2009.5379546","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 9th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008166855","display_name":"Dirk Gehrig","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dirk Gehrig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Anthropomatics, Universitaet Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany","Institute for Anthropomatics, Universitaet Karlsruhe (TH), 76131, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Anthropomatics, Universitaet Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Anthropomatics, Universitaet Karlsruhe (TH), 76131, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011795407","display_name":"Hilde Kuehne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1079-4441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hildegard Kuehne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Anthropomatics, Universitaet Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany","Institute for Anthropomatics, Universitaet Karlsruhe (TH), 76131, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Anthropomatics, Universitaet Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Anthropomatics, Universitaet Karlsruhe (TH), 76131, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008179029","display_name":"Annika Woerner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annika Woerner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Anthropomatics, Universitaet Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany","Institute for Anthropomatics, Universitaet Karlsruhe (TH), 76131, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Anthropomatics, Universitaet Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Anthropomatics, Universitaet Karlsruhe (TH), 76131, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058049725","display_name":"Tanja Schultz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-7028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanja Schultz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Anthropomatics, Universitaet Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany","Institute for Anthropomatics, Universitaet Karlsruhe (TH), 76131, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Anthropomatics, Universitaet Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Anthropomatics, Universitaet Karlsruhe (TH), 76131, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4135,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91558442,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":null,"first_page":"425","last_page":"430"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.8646382689476013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7335839867591858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.7145696878433228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6853426694869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-flow","display_name":"Optical flow","score":0.6052696108818054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-estimation","display_name":"Motion estimation","score":0.5736520290374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5237476825714111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4973302185535431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.4723328649997711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-analysis","display_name":"Motion analysis","score":0.45962560176849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.44576725363731384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.41127943992614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.07350501418113708}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.8646382689476013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7335839867591858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7145696878433228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6853426694869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155542232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736111","display_name":"Optical flow","level":3,"score":0.6052696108818054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10161872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557891","display_name":"Motion estimation","level":2,"score":0.5736520290374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5237476825714111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4973302185535431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.4723328649997711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777036941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6917771","display_name":"Motion analysis","level":2,"score":0.45962560176849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.44576725363731384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.41127943992614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.07350501418113708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ichr.2009.5379546","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ichr.2009.5379546","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 9th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.212.9516","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.212.9516","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://csl.ira.uka.de/fileadmin/media/publication_files/Humanoids2009_final.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1556583247","https://openalex.org/W1565206031","https://openalex.org/W2097501508","https://openalex.org/W2106503382","https://openalex.org/W2116494851","https://openalex.org/W2118877769","https://openalex.org/W2119350939","https://openalex.org/W2120622427","https://openalex.org/W2125854396","https://openalex.org/W2126661535","https://openalex.org/W2134756243","https://openalex.org/W2141404479","https://openalex.org/W2157355671","https://openalex.org/W2160429843","https://openalex.org/W3141200356","https://openalex.org/W4234438381"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364370872","https://openalex.org/W1979041948","https://openalex.org/W2030154815","https://openalex.org/W2051121715","https://openalex.org/W1929254672","https://openalex.org/W2161445868","https://openalex.org/W2586366378","https://openalex.org/W1991171117","https://openalex.org/W2007849524","https://openalex.org/W2294607360"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"motion":[1,28,80,84,106,117,122,135,138,189,197,202,228],"recognition":[2,87,225,274,295],"is":[3,33,75],"traditionally":[4],"approached":[5],"by":[6,18,22],"either":[7,142],"recognizing":[8],"basic":[9],"motions":[10,21,39,258],"from":[11,14,290],"features":[12,96,179,286,301],"derived":[13,289],"video":[15],"input":[16],"or":[17,153,239],"interpreting":[19],"complex":[20,83,121,201,235,257],"applying":[23],"a":[24,50,58,130,146,159,188,208,221,291,303],"high-level":[25],"hierarchy":[26],"of":[27,65,98,134,162,175,226],"primitives.":[29],"The":[30,86,212],"former":[31],"method":[32],"usually":[34],"limited":[35],"to":[36,47,77,119,195,254,287],"rather":[37],"simple":[38],"while":[40,68],"the":[41,63,79,173,176,216,231,283],"latter":[42],"requires":[43],"human":[44,227],"expert":[45],"knowledge":[46],"build":[48],"up":[49],"suitable":[51],"hierarchy.":[52],"In":[53,165],"this":[54,166,268],"paper":[55,167],"we":[56,108,168,184],"propose":[57],"new":[59],"approach":[60,74,194,218],"that":[61,215,267,298],"uses":[62],"strength":[64],"both":[66],"methods":[67],"overcoming":[69],"their":[70],"respective":[71],"limitations.":[72],"Our":[73,264,294],"able":[76],"recognize":[78,256],"units":[81,118,136,198,229],"within":[82],"sequences.":[85,123,139],"process":[88],"applies":[89],"hidden":[90],"Markov":[91],"models":[92,280],"(HMM)":[93],"based":[94,281],"on":[95,282],"consisting":[97],"optical":[99,177,284,299],"flow":[100,178,244,285,300],"gradient":[101],"histograms.":[102],"For":[103],"each":[104],"primitive":[105,116],"unit":[107],"train":[109],"one":[110],"HMM":[111,249,279],"and":[112],"then":[113],"concatenate":[114],"these":[115],"form":[120],"Modeling":[124],"sequences":[125,203],"with":[126,180,248,260],"HMMs":[127],"allows":[128,219],"for":[129,220,233],"very":[131,222],"flexible":[132],"combination":[133,247],"into":[137],"They":[140],"can":[141],"be":[143,154],"combined":[144,157],"in":[145,172,207,246],"restrictive":[147],"rule-based":[148],"formulation":[149],"using":[150,158],"predefined":[151],"grammars":[152],"more":[155],"flexibly":[156],"statistical":[160],"model":[161],"sequence":[163,250],"probabilities.":[164],"are":[169,252],"mainly":[170],"interested":[171],"comparison":[174],"marker-based":[181,292],"features,":[182],"therefore":[183],"do":[185],"not":[186],"use":[187],"grammar.":[190],"We":[191,277],"apply":[192],"our":[193],"24":[196],"forming":[199],"five":[200],"as":[204],"they":[205],"appear":[206],"real-world":[209],"kitchen":[210],"tasks.":[211],"results":[213,265,296],"show":[214,266],"proposed":[217],"fast":[223],"low-level":[224],"without":[230],"need":[232],"any":[234],"reconstruction,":[236],"post":[237],"processing":[238],"pose":[240],"estimation.":[241],"Straight-forward":[242],"characteristic":[243],"fields":[245],"modeling":[251],"sufficient":[253],"reliably":[255],"even":[259],"an":[261],"unrestricted":[262],"search.":[263],"search":[269],"already":[270],"achieves":[271],"13.1":[272],"%":[273],"error":[275],"rate.":[276],"compare":[278],"those":[288],"system.":[293],"indicate":[297],"achieve":[302],"competitive":[304],"performance.":[305]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
