{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3208324634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ichms53169.2021.9582638","title":"Balancing Energy Consumption and Thermal Comfort with Deep Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Balancing Energy Consumption and Thermal Comfort with Deep Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3208324634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ichms53169.2021.9582638","mag":"3208324634"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ichms53169.2021.9582638","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ichms53169.2021.9582638","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070083527","display_name":"Franco Cicirelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6138-5739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005160176","display_name":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking","ror":"https://ror.org/04r5fge26","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Franco Cicirelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICAR-CNR, Rende (CS), Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAR-CNR, Rende (CS), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083611404","display_name":"Antonio Guerrieri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1469-9484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005160176","display_name":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking","ror":"https://ror.org/04r5fge26","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Guerrieri","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICAR-CNR, Rende (CS), Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAR-CNR, Rende (CS), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082766647","display_name":"Carlo Mastroianni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6269-4931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005160176","display_name":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking","ror":"https://ror.org/04r5fge26","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlo Mastroianni","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICAR-CNR, Rende (CS), Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAR-CNR, Rende (CS), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075982450","display_name":"Luigi Scarcello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1567-170X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005160176","display_name":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking","ror":"https://ror.org/04r5fge26","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Scarcello","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICAR-CNR, Rende (CS), Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAR-CNR, Rende (CS), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043809260","display_name":"Giandomenico Spezzano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2518-5510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005160176","display_name":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking","ror":"https://ror.org/04r5fge26","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giandomenico Spezzano","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICAR-CNR, Rende (CS), Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAR-CNR, Rende (CS), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071906892","display_name":"Andrea Vinci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1011-1885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005160176","display_name":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking","ror":"https://ror.org/04r5fge26","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Vinci","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICAR-CNR, Rende (CS), Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAR-CNR, Rende (CS), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070083527"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4234,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7964561,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11954","display_name":"Energy Efficiency and Management","score":0.9616000056266785,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8616092801094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hvac","display_name":"HVAC","score":0.7357200384140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.724384069442749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.68895423412323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-comfort","display_name":"Thermal comfort","score":0.6526347398757935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5387967228889465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.526749312877655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.4933911859989166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4599560499191284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.4324842095375061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3996850848197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.39260560274124146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.38435685634613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22945138812065125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-conditioning","display_name":"Air conditioning","score":0.2006702423095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.07928216457366943}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8616092801094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122346748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798773","display_name":"HVAC","level":3,"score":0.7357200384140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.724384069442749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.68895423412323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133913538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q774514","display_name":"Thermal comfort","level":2,"score":0.6526347398757935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5387967228889465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.526749312877655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.4933911859989166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4599560499191284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.4324842095375061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3996850848197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.39260560274124146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.38435685634613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22945138812065125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103742991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173725","display_name":"Air conditioning","level":2,"score":0.2006702423095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.07928216457366943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ichms53169.2021.9582638","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ichms53169.2021.9582638","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41554520","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2625874945","https://openalex.org/W2782093969","https://openalex.org/W2909510634","https://openalex.org/W2922286784","https://openalex.org/W2944494333","https://openalex.org/W2964657419","https://openalex.org/W2974232099","https://openalex.org/W2987999300","https://openalex.org/W2988035443","https://openalex.org/W3081603852","https://openalex.org/W3089731385","https://openalex.org/W3116317014","https://openalex.org/W6757743413"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W2357294886","https://openalex.org/W3038059713","https://openalex.org/W4281749375","https://openalex.org/W2079922090","https://openalex.org/W2017084161","https://openalex.org/W4388647520","https://openalex.org/W4385360524"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,85,104],"management":[1],"of":[2,59,112,144,164],"thermal":[3,98],"comfort":[4,39,127],"in":[5,26,82],"a":[6,9,90,113],"building":[7],"is":[8,87,107,138],"challenging":[10],"and":[11,20,34,44,100,118,128,148,152],"multi-faced":[12],"problem":[13],"because":[14],"it":[15],"requires":[16],"considering":[17,41],"both":[18,95],"objective":[19,47],"subjective":[21],"parameters":[22,29,48],"that":[23,123,134],"are":[24,30],"often":[25],"contrast.":[27],"Subjective":[28],"tied":[31],"to":[32,52,77,88,93,140,154],"reaching":[33],"maintaining":[35],"an":[36,83],"adequate":[37],"user":[38,126],"by":[40,159],"human":[42],"preferences":[43],"behaviours,":[45],"while":[46],"can":[49],"be":[50],"related":[51],"other":[53],"important":[54],"aspects":[55],"like":[56],"the":[57,79,96,101,110,135,142,145,149,156,161,165],"reduction":[58],"energy":[60,129],"consumption.":[61,130],"This":[62],"paper":[63],"exploits":[64],"cognitive":[65],"technologies,":[66],"based":[67],"on":[68],"Deep":[69],"Reinforcement":[70],"Learning":[71],"(DRL),":[72],"for":[73],"automatically":[74],"learning":[75,105,150],"how":[76],"control":[78],"HVAC":[80],"system":[81],"office.":[84],"goal":[86],"develop":[89],"cyber-controller":[91],"able":[92,139],"minimize":[94],"perceived":[97],"discomfort":[99],"needed":[102],"energy.":[103],"process":[106,151],"driven":[108],"through":[109],"definition":[111],"cumulative":[114],"reward,":[115],"which":[116],"includes":[117],"combines":[119],"two":[120,157,162],"reward":[121],"components":[122,163],"consider,":[124],"respectively,":[125],"Simulation":[131],"experiments":[132],"show":[133],"adopted":[136],"approach":[137],"affect":[141],"behaviour":[143],"DRL":[146],"controller":[147],"therefore":[153],"balance":[155],"objectives":[158],"weighing":[160],"reward.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}