{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2047889657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ices.2014.7008720","title":"Evolution-in-materio: Solving bin packing problems using materials","display_name":"Evolution-in-materio: Solving bin packing problems using materials","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2047889657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ices.2014.7008720","mag":"2047889657"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ices.2014.7008720","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ices.2014.7008720","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Evolvable Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089488078","display_name":"Maktuba Mohid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2897-6761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maktuba Mohid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, University of York, York, UK","Department of Electronics University of York, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of York, York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics University of York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077881387","display_name":"Julian F. Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7692-9655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian F. Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, University of York, York, UK","Department of Electronics University of York, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of York, York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics University of York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103603549","display_name":"Simon L. Harding","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon L. Harding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, University of York, York, UK","Department of Electronics University of York, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of York, York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics University of York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088200121","display_name":"Gunnar Tufte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7428-1608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gunnar Tufte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","Department of Computer and Information Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008499687","display_name":"Odd Rune Lykkeb\u00f8","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9000-6419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Odd Rune Lykkebo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022881273","display_name":"Mark K. Massey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Kieran Massey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Durham University, Durham, Durham, GB","School of Engineering and Computing Sciences and Centre for Molecular and Nanoscale Electronics, Durham University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Durham University, Durham, Durham, GB","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Computing Sciences and Centre for Molecular and Nanoscale Electronics, Durham University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073255463","display_name":"M.C. Petty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5783-678X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael C. Petty","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Computing Sciences, Durham University, UK","School of Engineering and Computing Sciences and Centre for Molecular and Nanoscale Electronics, Durham University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Computing Sciences, Durham University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Computing Sciences and Centre for Molecular and Nanoscale Electronics, Durham University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.556,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94807248,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"38","last_page":"45"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7471288442611694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bin-packing-problem","display_name":"Bin packing problem","score":0.717327356338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6953180432319641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-computation","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","score":0.5030516982078552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4768156409263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.4649119973182678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.44118884205818176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.40785545110702515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.40736380219459534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bin","display_name":"Bin","score":0.3821214437484741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3549879789352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.3547661304473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3460318148136139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21205955743789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1618087887763977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7471288442611694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87219788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q814581","display_name":"Bin packing problem","level":3,"score":0.717327356338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6953180432319641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105902424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197129","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","level":2,"score":0.5030516982078552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4768156409263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.4649119973182678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.44118884205818176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.40785545110702515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.40736380219459534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156273044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4913766","display_name":"Bin","level":2,"score":0.3821214437484741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3549879789352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.3547661304473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3460318148136139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21205955743789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1618087887763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ices.2014.7008720","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ices.2014.7008720","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Evolvable Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.667.7656","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.667.7656","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cartesiangp.co.uk/papers/ices2014bp-mohid.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4625739","https://openalex.org/W48389289","https://openalex.org/W1515958087","https://openalex.org/W1540498980","https://openalex.org/W1543921836","https://openalex.org/W1577488932","https://openalex.org/W1584817141","https://openalex.org/W1592214585","https://openalex.org/W1803471726","https://openalex.org/W1945301239","https://openalex.org/W1993103332","https://openalex.org/W2007864338","https://openalex.org/W2049314860","https://openalex.org/W2058653357","https://openalex.org/W2072396808","https://openalex.org/W2074397232","https://openalex.org/W2098369439","https://openalex.org/W2138789930","https://openalex.org/W2162915206","https://openalex.org/W2604796233","https://openalex.org/W3093462213","https://openalex.org/W3141362892","https://openalex.org/W4234545907","https://openalex.org/W6600182461","https://openalex.org/W6630790621","https://openalex.org/W6632319143","https://openalex.org/W6632632525","https://openalex.org/W6634959131","https://openalex.org/W6635532150","https://openalex.org/W6638085146","https://openalex.org/W7046229491"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2797538013","https://openalex.org/W2026961896","https://openalex.org/W173368591","https://openalex.org/W2034272113","https://openalex.org/W2138242427","https://openalex.org/W2104955674","https://openalex.org/W4288260564","https://openalex.org/W2068892231","https://openalex.org/W2096053066","https://openalex.org/W2001915926"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Evolution-in-materio":[0],"(EIM)":[1],"is":[2,165],"a":[3,37,87,109,113,120,166],"form":[4],"of":[5,40,43,53,75,140],"intrinsic":[6],"evolution":[7,61],"in":[8,57,68],"which":[9],"evolutionary":[10],"algorithms":[11],"are":[12,19,106],"allowed":[13],"to":[14,21,26,65,108,135,156,172],"manipulate":[15],"physical":[16,73],"variables":[17],"that":[18,30,60,70,85,129,148,163],"applied":[20,107,134],"materials.":[22,45],"This":[23,161],"method":[24,168],"aims":[25],"configure":[27],"materials":[28,171],"so":[29],"they":[31,105],"solve":[32,95],"computational":[33,96,138],"problems":[34,97,146],"without":[35],"requiring":[36],"detailed":[38],"understanding":[39],"the":[41,44,51,72,76,103,126,136,149,157],"properties":[42,74],"The":[46],"concept":[47],"gained":[48],"attention":[49],"through":[50],"work":[52],"Adrian":[54],"Thompson":[55],"who":[56],"1996":[58],"showed":[59],"could":[62],"be":[63,133],"used":[64],"design":[66],"circuits":[67],"FPGAS":[69],"exploited":[71],"underlying":[77],"silicon":[78],"[21].":[79],"In":[80],"this":[81,130],"paper,":[82],"we":[83,93,123],"show":[84,147],"using":[86],"purpose-built":[88],"hardware":[89],"platform":[90],"called":[91],"Mecobo,":[92],"can":[94,132,151],"by":[98],"evolving":[99],"voltages,":[100],"signals":[101],"and":[102,119],"way":[104],"microelectrode":[110],"array":[111],"with":[112],"chamber":[114],"containing":[115],"single-walled":[116],"carbon":[117],"nanotubes":[118],"polymer.":[121],"Here":[122],"demonstrate":[124],"for":[125,169],"first":[127],"time":[128],"methodology":[131],"well-known":[137],"problem":[139],"bin":[141],"packing.":[142],"Results":[143],"on":[144],"benchmark":[145],"technique":[150],"obtain":[152],"results":[153],"reasonably":[154],"close":[155],"known":[158],"global":[159],"optima.":[160],"suggests":[162],"EIM":[164],"promising":[167],"configuring":[170],"carry":[173],"out":[174],"useful":[175],"computation.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}