{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3138640687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iceit51700.2021.9375618","title":"Optimized Online Lecture for Narrow-Bandwidth Network","display_name":"Optimized Online Lecture for Narrow-Bandwidth Network","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3138640687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iceit51700.2021.9375618","mag":"3138640687"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iceit51700.2021.9375618","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iceit51700.2021.9375618","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 10th International Conference on Educational and Information Technology (ICEIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040477292","display_name":"Ting\u2010Yu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2171-4139"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingyu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016545477","display_name":"Anandha Gopalan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4940-2492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anandha Gopalan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1604,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49330377,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"48","last_page":"55"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.8302227854728699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8120211362838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/javascript","display_name":"JavaScript","score":0.6108393669128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.5866125822067261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.5160853266716003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4953083097934723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4461826980113983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-education","display_name":"Distance education","score":0.41045165061950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4018287658691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.26411551237106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1327604353427887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.08586207032203674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.07641622424125671}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.8302227854728699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8120211362838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544833334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005","display_name":"JavaScript","level":2,"score":0.6108393669128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.5866125822067261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.5160853266716003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4953083097934723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4461826980113983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503872463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159595","display_name":"Distance education","level":2,"score":0.41045165061950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4018287658691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.26411551237106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1327604353427887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.08586207032203674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.07641622424125671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iceit51700.2021.9375618","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iceit51700.2021.9375618","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 10th International Conference on Educational and Information Technology (ICEIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W87727730","https://openalex.org/W126046554","https://openalex.org/W1485692346","https://openalex.org/W1545214685","https://openalex.org/W1866530474","https://openalex.org/W2120783929","https://openalex.org/W2152465173","https://openalex.org/W2156580773","https://openalex.org/W2484276928","https://openalex.org/W2514655373","https://openalex.org/W2579551568","https://openalex.org/W3021428210","https://openalex.org/W6629308606","https://openalex.org/W6677878363","https://openalex.org/W6682904396","https://openalex.org/W6722502863"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2461078469","https://openalex.org/W123790205","https://openalex.org/W2085515337","https://openalex.org/W3087706721","https://openalex.org/W3102852402","https://openalex.org/W4287664162","https://openalex.org/W4385695489","https://openalex.org/W827014118","https://openalex.org/W2498635018","https://openalex.org/W2096325454"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Education":[0],"plays":[1],"an":[2,82],"important":[3],"role":[4],"in":[5,37,81],"a":[6,74],"country's":[7],"development,":[8],"and":[9,22,112,159,161],"remote":[10],"education,":[11],"where":[12,85],"barriers":[13],"of":[14,42,46,62,76,88,95,106,150],"distance":[15,48],"can":[16,30],"be":[17,31],"overcome":[18],"by":[19],"information":[20],"technology":[21],"more":[23],"education":[24,35,49],"resources":[25],"are":[26],"thus":[27],"made":[28],"available,":[29],"used":[32],"to":[33,133],"improve":[34],"accessibility":[36],"low-income":[38],"countries.":[39],"However,":[40],"one":[41],"the":[43,59,86,89,93,96,123,148],"key":[44],"problems":[45],"current":[47],"approaches,":[50],"such":[51,151],"as":[52,109,115],"Massive":[53],"Open":[54],"Online":[55],"Courses":[56],"(MOOCs),":[57],"is":[58,65,98,128,154],"high":[60],"requirement":[61],"bandwidth":[63,91],"which":[64],"not":[66],"necessarily":[67],"available.":[68],"In":[69],"this":[70],"paper,":[71],"we":[72],"propose":[73],"method":[75,102],"carrying":[77],"out":[78],"online":[79],"lectures":[80,153],"optimized":[83,152],"form":[84],"influence":[87],"low":[90],"on":[92],"quality":[94,139],"lecture":[97,135],"minimized.":[99],"The":[100],"proposed":[101],"only":[103],"involves":[104],"transmission":[105],"audio,":[107],"courseware":[108],"static":[110],"files,":[111],"actions":[113],"encoded":[114],"textual":[116],"data.":[117],"With":[118],"replicated":[119],"state":[120],"machine":[121],"theory,":[122],"synchronization":[124],"between":[125],"all":[126],"clients":[127],"guaranteed.":[129],"This":[130],"allows":[131],"us":[132],"achieve":[134],"delivery":[136,149],"with":[137],"good":[138],"under":[140],"low-bandwidth":[141],"network":[142],"conditions.":[143],"A":[144],"prototypical":[145],"platform":[146],"for":[147],"designed,":[155],"implemented":[156],"using":[157],"Golang":[158],"JavaScript,":[160],"evaluated.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
