{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4323831221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iceic57457.2023.10049938","title":"UCR-SSL: Uncertainty-Based Consistency Regularization for Semi-Supervised Learning","display_name":"UCR-SSL: Uncertainty-Based Consistency Regularization for Semi-Supervised Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4323831221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iceic57457.2023.10049938"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iceic57457.2023.10049938","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iceic57457.2023.10049938","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 International Conference on Electronics, Information, and Communication (ICEIC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012851274","display_name":"Seungil Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1494-135X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118373667","display_name":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00chfja07","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seungil Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University of Science and Technology,Research Center for Electrical and Information Technology,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Seoul,Korea","Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Research Center for Electrical and Information Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology,Research Center for Electrical and Information Technology,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Research Center for Electrical and Information Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100371185","display_name":"Hyun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7962-657X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118373667","display_name":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00chfja07","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University of Science and Technology,Research Center for Electrical and Information Technology,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Seoul,Korea","Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Research Center for Electrical and Information Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology,Research Center for Electrical and Information Technology,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Research Center for Electrical and Information Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001283508","display_name":"Dayoung Chun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5741-6004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dayoung Chun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University,Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Seoul,Korea","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012851274"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3685,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57151378,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6914995908737183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.608303427696228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6035998463630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pascal","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","score":0.5230280160903931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.49871230125427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.4940793812274933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/missing-data","display_name":"Missing data","score":0.4892113208770752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.47603750228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.459859162569046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.4478399455547333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.43468180298805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.40350857377052307}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6914995908737183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.608303427696228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6035998463630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75608658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44395","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5230280160903931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.49871230125427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4940793812274933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9357733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6878417","display_name":"Missing data","level":2,"score":0.4892113208770752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.47603750228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.459859162569046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.4478399455547333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.43468180298805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40350857377052307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iceic57457.2023.10049938","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iceic57457.2023.10049938","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 International Conference on Electronics, Information, and Communication (ICEIC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337495","display_name":"Technology Development","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2431080869","https://openalex.org/W2746314669","https://openalex.org/W2952122856","https://openalex.org/W2970369250","https://openalex.org/W2981958729","https://openalex.org/W2993182889","https://openalex.org/W3019048729","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3172507542","https://openalex.org/W4286502353","https://openalex.org/W4312914306","https://openalex.org/W6717772578","https://openalex.org/W6739651123","https://openalex.org/W6743428213","https://openalex.org/W6766773940"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4380150146","https://openalex.org/W3024870410","https://openalex.org/W2410652950","https://openalex.org/W4283773154","https://openalex.org/W3139174110","https://openalex.org/W4289597203","https://openalex.org/W2085630472","https://openalex.org/W1977098485","https://openalex.org/W4285201053","https://openalex.org/W1663079876"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"semi-supervised":[1],"learning":[2],"methods":[3,26],"are":[4,35,76,87,100],"being":[5],"actively":[6],"developed":[7],"to":[8,37,58,114,142,146,178],"increase":[9],"the":[10,28,79,103,116,120,130,144,161,165],"performance":[11],"of":[12,19,30,70,119,154,171,175],"neural":[13],"networks":[14],"by":[15,102],"using":[16],"large":[17],"amounts":[18],"unlabeled":[20],"data.":[21],"Among":[22],"these":[23,73],"techniques,":[24],"pseudo-labeling":[25],"have":[27],"advantage":[29],"low":[31],"computational":[32],"complexity,":[33],"but":[34],"vulnerable":[36],"missing":[38,98,125],"annotations.":[39,126],"To":[40],"solve":[41],"this":[42,96],"problem,":[43],"we":[44,107],"propose":[45],"a":[46,55,67,109,137,152,179],"method":[47],"called":[48],"uncertainty-based":[49],"consistency":[50],"regularization":[51],"(UCR).":[52],"UCR":[53],"models":[54],"detection":[56],"head":[57],"obtain":[59],"different":[60],"outputs":[61],"for":[62,122,139],"input":[63],"images":[64],"and":[65,81,86,91],"computes":[66],"feature":[68,74],"map":[69],"each.":[71],"Subsequently,":[72],"maps":[75],"matched":[77],"with":[78,156],"original":[80],"filtered":[82,104],"ground":[83],"truth":[84],"(GT),":[85],"classified":[88],"as":[89,136],"positive":[90],"negative":[92],"samples,":[93],"respectively.":[94],"In":[95],"process,":[97],"samples":[99,121],"generated":[101],"GT;":[105],"therefore,":[106],"use":[108,129],"specialized":[110],"loss":[111],"function":[112],"designed":[113],"reduce":[115],"logit":[117],"difference":[118],"robustness":[123],"against":[124],"We":[127],"also":[128],"uncertainty":[131],"extracted":[132],"through":[133],"Gaussian":[134],"modeling":[135],"criterion":[138],"annotation":[140],"filtering":[141],"train":[143],"network":[145],"focus":[147],"on":[148,160],"reliable":[149],"results.":[150],"As":[151],"result":[153],"experiments":[155],"an":[157,169],"SSD":[158],"model":[159],"Pascal":[162],"VOC":[163],"dataset,":[164],"proposed":[166],"approach":[167],"achieved":[168],"improvement":[170],"0.7%":[172],"in":[173],"terms":[174],"mAP":[176],"compared":[177],"baseline":[180],"method.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-28T23:10:37.245301","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
