{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417169805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs66544.2025.11270642","title":"U-HAWK: A Hardware-in-the-Loop Framework for Sensor-Rich Embedded Systems Testing","display_name":"U-HAWK: A Hardware-in-the-Loop Framework for Sensor-Rich Embedded Systems Testing","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417169805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs66544.2025.11270642"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icecs66544.2025.11270642","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs66544.2025.11270642","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 32nd IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046788756","display_name":"Anderson R. P. Domingues","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1767-3370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45643870","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/025vmq686","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45643870"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anderson R. P. Domingues","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS),School of Technology,Porto Alegre,Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS),School of Technology,Porto Alegre,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45643870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108184214","display_name":"Lucas Damo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45643870","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/025vmq686","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45643870"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucas M. Damo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS),School of Technology,Porto Alegre,Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS),School of Technology,Porto Alegre,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45643870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120734665","display_name":"Thiago S. Zilberknop","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45643870","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/025vmq686","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45643870"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thiago S. Zilberknop","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS),School of Technology,Porto Alegre,Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS),School of Technology,Porto Alegre,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45643870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120758666","display_name":"Luigi S. Bos-Mikich","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45643870","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/025vmq686","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45643870"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luigi S. Bos-Mikich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS),School of Technology,Porto Alegre,Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS),School of Technology,Porto Alegre,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45643870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024521259","display_name":"S\u00e9rgio Johann Filho","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45643870","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/025vmq686","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45643870"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S\u00e9rgio J. Filho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS),School of Technology,Porto Alegre,Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS),School of Technology,Porto Alegre,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45643870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025418231","display_name":"Fernando Moraes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6126-6847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45643870","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/025vmq686","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45643870"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando G. Moraes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS),School of Technology,Porto Alegre,Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS),School of Technology,Porto Alegre,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45643870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080883695","display_name":"Luciano Ost","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5160-5232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luciano Ost","raw_affiliation_strings":["Loughborough University,Wolfson School,Loughborough,UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Loughborough University,Wolfson School,Loughborough,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072149252","display_name":"Ney Calazans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0467-4294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4104125","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina","ror":"https://ror.org/041akq887","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4104125"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ney Calazans","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC),Computing Department (DEC),Araranguá,Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC),Computing Department (DEC),Araranguá,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4104125"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046788756"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45643870"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47788163,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12810","display_name":"Real-time simulation and control systems","score":0.7803999781608582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12810","display_name":"Real-time simulation and control systems","score":0.7803999781608582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12125","display_name":"Aerospace and Aviation Technology","score":0.06700000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.020600000396370888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"Microcontroller","score":0.7299000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-software","display_name":"Embedded software","score":0.6578999757766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5972999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avionics-software","display_name":"Avionics software","score":0.45879998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.45509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.4106000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-testing","display_name":"System testing","score":0.41029998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-test-equipment","display_name":"Automatic test equipment","score":0.35100001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.7299000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154488198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335007","display_name":"Embedded software","level":3,"score":0.6578999757766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5972999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5473999977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109905503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4828920","display_name":"Avionics software","level":5,"score":0.45879998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.45509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.4147999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4106000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7166840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199682","display_name":"System testing","level":2,"score":0.41029998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141842801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q363815","display_name":"Automatic test equipment","level":3,"score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34279999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.3418000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33959999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28472234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213666","display_name":"Real-time operating system","level":2,"score":0.3382999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52928878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554226","display_name":"Software reliability testing","level":5,"score":0.33739998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111524372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7663718","display_name":"System integration testing","level":5,"score":0.33340001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3192000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108913964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2376856","display_name":"System under test","level":4,"score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778803698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334973","display_name":"Embedded controller","level":2,"score":0.31209999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118021083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q610398","display_name":"System on a chip","level":2,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.2996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37374048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188674","display_name":"Programmable logic controller","level":2,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48002344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919644","display_name":"Verification and validation","level":2,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178059732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1982529","display_name":"Software performance testing","level":5,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188598960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705805","display_name":"Test strategy","level":3,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icecs66544.2025.11270642","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs66544.2025.11270642","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 32nd IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322502","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/05k49za97"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2132363138","https://openalex.org/W3028249241","https://openalex.org/W3090111980","https://openalex.org/W3177712125","https://openalex.org/W4285331494","https://openalex.org/W4285332749","https://openalex.org/W4313006048","https://openalex.org/W4395663810","https://openalex.org/W4399666370","https://openalex.org/W4415744124"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"processing":[1],"power":[2],"and":[3,27,71],"memory":[4],"size":[5],"of":[6,13,93],"typical":[7],"embedded":[8,83],"systems":[9],"hinder":[10],"the":[11,48,90],"employment":[12],"instrumentation-based":[14],"software":[15,39,67],"testing":[16,59],"techniques,":[17],"as":[18,25],"they":[19],"clash":[20],"with":[21],"nonfunctional":[22],"requirements":[23],"such":[24,31],"real-time":[26],"energy":[28],"consumption.":[29],"In":[30],"a":[32,76,96],"scenario,":[33],"hardware-in-the-loop":[34],"(HILS)":[35],"methodologies":[36],"can":[37],"achieve":[38],"quality":[40],"guarantees":[41],"while":[42],"adding":[43],"minimal":[44],"resource":[45],"overhead":[46],"to":[47,61,69,81],"system":[49],"under":[50],"test":[51,82],"(SUT).":[52],"However,":[53],"HILS":[54,77],"strategies":[55],"lack":[56],"standardization,":[57],"requiring":[58],"artifacts":[60],"be":[62],"elaborated":[63],"from":[64],"scratch,":[65],"increasing":[66],"time":[68],"market":[70],"cost.":[72],"This":[73],"paper":[74],"proposes":[75],"framework":[78],"named":[79],"U-HAWK":[80,94],"sensor-rich":[84],"applications":[85],"using":[86],"an":[87,104,108],"FPGA":[88],"in":[89,107],"loop.":[91],"Validation":[92],"employs":[95],"proportional":[97],"integral":[98],"derivative":[99],"(PID)":[100],"controller":[101],"deployed":[102],"on":[103],"STM32F411":[105],"microcontroller":[106],"unmanned":[109],"aerial":[110],"vehicle":[111],"(UAV).":[112]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-12-09T00:00:00"}