{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390693388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs58634.2023.10382727","title":"Trikarenos: A Fault-Tolerant RISC-V-based Microcontroller for CubeSats in 28nm","display_name":"Trikarenos: A Fault-Tolerant RISC-V-based Microcontroller for CubeSats in 28nm","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390693388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs58634.2023.10382727"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icecs58634.2023.10382727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs58634.2023.10382727","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 30th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10382727","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030416536","display_name":"Michael Rogenmoser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4622-4862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Rogenmoser","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich,Zurich,Switzerland","ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich,Zurich,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043408422","display_name":"Luca Benini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8068-3806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["CH","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Benini","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich,Zurich,Switzerland","ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich,Zurich,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7828,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95065694,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6471902132034302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"Microcontroller","score":0.6217524409294128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.6182860732078552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.590201735496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.588815450668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replication","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","score":0.5580393671989441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduced-instruction-set-computing","display_name":"Reduced instruction set computing","score":0.5064016580581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.45076972246170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4139869809150696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-core-processor","display_name":"Multi-core processor","score":0.41050055623054504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3210493326187134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.22355130314826965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instruction-set","display_name":"Instruction set","score":0.21602189540863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2047683298587799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1938703954219818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.16082602739334106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.11143124103546143}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6471902132034302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.6217524409294128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.6182860732078552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.590201735496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.588815450668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12590798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933199","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5580393671989441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126298526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189376","display_name":"Reduced instruction set computing","level":3,"score":0.5064016580581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.45076972246170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4139869809150696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78766204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555032","display_name":"Multi-core processor","level":2,"score":0.41050055623054504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3210493326187134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.22355130314826965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202491316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272683","display_name":"Instruction set","level":2,"score":0.21602189540863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2047683298587799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1938703954219818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16082602739334106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.11143124103546143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icecs58634.2023.10382727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs58634.2023.10382727","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 30th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/958749","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10382727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/958749","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10382727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483019893","https://openalex.org/W2021708499","https://openalex.org/W2147297306","https://openalex.org/W2770020066","https://openalex.org/W2913135501","https://openalex.org/W2950730845","https://openalex.org/W2966775234","https://openalex.org/W3010019472","https://openalex.org/W3115723483","https://openalex.org/W4312480570","https://openalex.org/W4318985337","https://openalex.org/W6729108226"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4316095964","https://openalex.org/W2383001583","https://openalex.org/W2771395446","https://openalex.org/W2131084560","https://openalex.org/W3112038843","https://openalex.org/W3209836052","https://openalex.org/W2088310429","https://openalex.org/W2161641032","https://openalex.org/W2371982579","https://openalex.org/W3197345780"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1],"the":[2,69,100],"key":[3],"challenges":[4],"when":[5,134],"operating":[6,87],"microcontrollers":[7],"in":[8,25,61,105,145],"harsh":[9],"environments":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12],"space":[13],"is":[14,93,130,136],"radiation-induced":[15],"single":[16],"event":[17],"upsets":[18],"(SEUs),":[19],"which":[20],"can":[21,102],"lead":[22],"to":[23,41,83],"errors":[24],"computation.":[26],"Common":[27],"countermeasures":[28],"rely":[29],"on":[30,88],"proprietary":[31],"radiation-hardened":[32],"technologies,":[33,36],"low":[34,45],"density":[35],"or":[37],"extensive":[38],"replication,":[39],"leading":[40],"high":[42],"costs":[43],"and":[44,47,110,128],"performance":[46,109,129],"efficiency.":[48,111,147],"To":[49],"combat":[50],"this,":[51],"we":[52],"present":[53],"Trikarenos,":[54],"a":[55,74,97,118,122,142],"fault-tolerant":[56,119],"32-bit":[57],"RISC-V":[58],"microcontroller":[59],"SoC":[60],"an":[62],"advanced":[63],"TSMC":[64],"28nm":[65],"technology.":[66],"Trikarenos":[67,112],"alleviates":[68],"replication":[70],"cost":[71],"by":[72,132],"employing":[73],"configurable":[75],"triple-core":[76],"lockstep":[77],"configuration,":[78],"allowing":[79],"three":[80],"Ibex":[81],"cores":[82,101],"execute":[84],"applications":[85],"reliably,":[86],"ECC-protected":[89],"memory.":[90],"If":[91],"reliability":[92,135],"not":[94,137],"needed":[95,138],"for":[96,107,139],"given":[98],"application,":[99],"operate":[103],"independently":[104],"parallel":[106],"higher":[108],"consumes":[113],"15.7mW":[114],"at":[115],"250MHz":[116],"executing":[117],"matrix-matrix":[120],"multiplication,":[121],"21.5x":[123],"efficiency":[124],"gain":[125],"over":[126],"state-of-the-art,":[127],"increased":[131],"2.96x":[133],"processing,":[140],"with":[141],"2.36x":[143],"increase":[144],"energy":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
