{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311277379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs202256217.2022.9971111","title":"A General-Purpose CMOS Vision Sensor with In-Pixel 5-bit Convolutional Layer Computation","display_name":"A General-Purpose CMOS Vision Sensor with In-Pixel 5-bit Convolutional Layer Computation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311277379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs202256217.2022.9971111"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icecs202256217.2022.9971111","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs202256217.2022.9971111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607963","display_name":"2022 29th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 29th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042493829","display_name":"Daniel Garc\u00eda Lesta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111807","display_name":"Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/0280bnq76","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200284239","display_name":"Universidade de Santiago de Compostela","ror":"https://ror.org/030eybx10","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D. Garcia Lesta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Singular de Investigaci&#x00F3;n en Tecnolox&#x00ED;as Intelixentes (CiTUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Singular de Investigaci&#x00F3;n en Tecnolox&#x00ED;as Intelixentes (CiTUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807","https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063297299","display_name":"\u00d3. Pereira-Rial","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9021-9273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111807","display_name":"Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/0280bnq76","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200284239","display_name":"Universidade de Santiago de Compostela","ror":"https://ror.org/030eybx10","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O. Pereira Rial","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Singular de Investigaci&#x00F3;n en Tecnolox&#x00ED;as Intelixentes (CiTUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Singular de Investigaci&#x00F3;n en Tecnolox&#x00ED;as Intelixentes (CiTUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807","https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077550469","display_name":"V.M. Brea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-0425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111807","display_name":"Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/0280bnq76","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200284239","display_name":"Universidade de Santiago de Compostela","ror":"https://ror.org/030eybx10","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V.M. Brea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Singular de Investigaci&#x00F3;n en Tecnolox&#x00ED;as Intelixentes (CiTUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Singular de Investigaci&#x00F3;n en Tecnolox&#x00ED;as Intelixentes (CiTUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807","https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081834006","display_name":"P. L\u00f3pez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8218-8945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200284239","display_name":"Universidade de Santiago de Compostela","ror":"https://ror.org/030eybx10","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111807","display_name":"Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/0280bnq76","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Lopez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Singular de Investigaci&#x00F3;n en Tecnolox&#x00ED;as Intelixentes (CiTUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Singular de Investigaci&#x00F3;n en Tecnolox&#x00ED;as Intelixentes (CiTUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807","https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041970396","display_name":"D. Cabello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4859-2899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111807","display_name":"Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/0280bnq76","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200284239","display_name":"Universidade de Santiago de Compostela","ror":"https://ror.org/030eybx10","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Cabello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Singular de Investigaci&#x00F3;n en Tecnolox&#x00ED;as Intelixentes (CiTUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Singular de Investigaci&#x00F3;n en Tecnolox&#x00ED;as Intelixentes (CiTUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807","https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042493829"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200284239","https://openalex.org/I4210111807"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6438,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60736859,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/datapath","display_name":"Datapath","score":0.7494997978210449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7261719703674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6594539880752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6163009405136108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5349646210670471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.520574152469635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4802829921245575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4701899290084839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4217895269393921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.30082058906555176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.24333763122558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.21636709570884705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12700778245925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0958881676197052}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781198647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1633673","display_name":"Datapath","level":2,"score":0.7494997978210449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7261719703674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6594539880752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6163009405136108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5349646210670471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.520574152469635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4802829921245575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4701899290084839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4217895269393921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.30082058906555176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.24333763122558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.21636709570884705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12700778245925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0958881676197052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icecs202256217.2022.9971111","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs202256217.2022.9971111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607963","display_name":"2022 29th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 29th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9200000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2885779420","https://openalex.org/W2969812992","https://openalex.org/W3096649732","https://openalex.org/W3174208823","https://openalex.org/W4312958753"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109699519","https://openalex.org/W2006568360","https://openalex.org/W102726818","https://openalex.org/W4233616027","https://openalex.org/W2059591361","https://openalex.org/W970262775","https://openalex.org/W4244724753","https://openalex.org/W2535673728","https://openalex.org/W1972081536","https://openalex.org/W1831618318"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hardware":[0],"accelerators":[1],"for":[2],"deep":[3],"convolutional":[4],"neural":[5],"networks":[6],"(CNN)":[7],"commonly":[8],"reduce":[9],"the":[10,29,49,69,83,89,93,104],"bit-depth":[11],"of":[12,37,48,53,72],"weights":[13],"and":[14,23,96,113,123],"input":[15,30,97],"feature":[16],"maps":[17],"to":[18,67],"decrease":[19],"both":[20],"circuit":[21],"complexity":[22],"power":[24,94],"consumption.":[25],"Nevertheless,":[26],"even":[27],"when":[28],"image":[31,55],"is":[32,43,75,85,100],"codified":[33],"with":[34,64],"less":[35],"number":[36],"bits,":[38],"still":[39],"an":[40,54],"analog-to-digital":[41],"conversion":[42],"required,":[44],"being":[45],"this":[46,59,78],"one":[47],"most":[50],"energy-hungry":[51],"parts":[52],"sensor":[56,84],"datapath.":[57],"In":[58,77],"work,":[60],"a":[61,73],"smart":[62],"pixel":[63],"processing":[65,106],"capabilities":[66],"process":[68],"first":[70],"layer":[71],"CNN":[74,90],"presented.":[76],"architecture,":[79],"information":[80],"captured":[81],"from":[82],"fed":[86],"directly":[87],"into":[88],"accelerator,":[91],"reducing":[92],"consumption":[95],"error,":[98],"which":[99],"only":[101],"limited":[102],"by":[103],"analog":[105],"circuitry":[107],"non-idealities.":[108],"Programmability":[109],"includes":[110],"stride":[111],"configuration":[112],"kernel":[114],"size":[115],"selection":[116],"between":[117],"<tex":[118,124],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[119,125],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$3\\times":[120],"3,5\\times":[121],"5$</tex>":[122],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$7\\times":[126],"7$</tex>":[127],".":[128],"This":[129],"paper":[130],"provides":[131],"data":[132],"based":[133],"on":[134],"nominal":[135],"simulations":[136],"in":[137],"standard":[138],"180":[139],"nm":[140],"CMOS":[141],"technology,":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}