{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311224205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs202256217.2022.9970824","title":"Perimeter-Gated Single-Photon Avalanche Diode Imager with Vanishing Room Temperature Dark Count Probability","display_name":"Perimeter-Gated Single-Photon Avalanche Diode Imager with Vanishing Room Temperature Dark Count Probability","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311224205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs202256217.2022.9970824"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icecs202256217.2022.9970824","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs202256217.2022.9970824","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607963","display_name":"2022 29th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 29th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062252579","display_name":"Md Sajal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5305-4852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md. Sakibur Sajal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Pittsburgh,PA,USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Pittsburgh,PA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038718098","display_name":"Kai\u2010Chun Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5013-9014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Chun Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Pittsburgh,PA,USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Pittsburgh,PA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052815284","display_name":"Bathiya Senevirathna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4037-9073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bathiya Senevirathna","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,College Park,MD,USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,College Park,MD,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085332415","display_name":"Sheung Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4015-631X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheung Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,College Park,MD,USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,College Park,MD,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057731484","display_name":"Marc Dandin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-2408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Dandin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Pittsburgh,PA,USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Pittsburgh,PA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062252579"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6707,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94379391,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10540","display_name":"Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.7289913892745972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.6079068779945374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perimeter","display_name":"Perimeter","score":0.592247486114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diode","display_name":"Diode","score":0.5789066553115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-photon-avalanche-diode","display_name":"Single-photon avalanche diode","score":0.5672182440757751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon-counting","display_name":"Photon counting","score":0.5470867156982422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5067363381385803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4581950604915619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avalanche-diode","display_name":"Avalanche diode","score":0.45473960041999817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.4368475079536438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3948953449726105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon","display_name":"Photon","score":0.3824213743209839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.345830500125885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avalanche-photodiode","display_name":"Avalanche photodiode","score":0.31082695722579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.2782273292541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.26074373722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.23998212814331055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breakdown-voltage","display_name":"Breakdown voltage","score":0.22047993540763855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.16355028748512268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15036115050315857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09000521898269653}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.7289913892745972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6079068779945374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98503990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28474","display_name":"Perimeter","level":2,"score":0.592247486114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.5789066553115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193361668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7523761","display_name":"Single-photon avalanche diode","level":4,"score":0.5672182440757751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781402376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126172","display_name":"Photon counting","level":3,"score":0.5470867156982422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5067363381385803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4581950604915619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95341827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175898","display_name":"Avalanche diode","level":4,"score":0.45473960041999817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.4368475079536438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3948953449726105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.3824213743209839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.345830500125885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109679912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175932","display_name":"Avalanche photodiode","level":3,"score":0.31082695722579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.2782273292541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.26074373722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23998212814331055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119321828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1267190","display_name":"Breakdown voltage","level":3,"score":0.22047993540763855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.16355028748512268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15036115050315857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09000521898269653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icecs202256217.2022.9970824","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs202256217.2022.9970824","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607963","display_name":"2022 29th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 29th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310207","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975496472","https://openalex.org/W2001515825","https://openalex.org/W2004142609","https://openalex.org/W2058808600","https://openalex.org/W2103136123","https://openalex.org/W2119043660","https://openalex.org/W2119157459","https://openalex.org/W2151016044","https://openalex.org/W2151805512","https://openalex.org/W2169163718","https://openalex.org/W2314039419","https://openalex.org/W2758517165","https://openalex.org/W2781721505","https://openalex.org/W3108635878"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2324745772","https://openalex.org/W2189181247","https://openalex.org/W3156845399","https://openalex.org/W2041021839","https://openalex.org/W2089087979","https://openalex.org/W1975934348","https://openalex.org/W3175785822","https://openalex.org/W2035885782","https://openalex.org/W2317801534","https://openalex.org/W2051523801"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,44,66],"report":[1],"on":[2],"a":[3,12,27,52,57],"perimeter-gated":[4],"single-photon":[5,91],"avalanche":[6],"diode":[7],"(pg-SPAD)":[8],"imager":[9,21,85],"fabricated":[10],"in":[11,26,78],"<tex":[13,31],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[14,32],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$0.35\\":[15],"\\mu":[16],"m$</tex>":[17],"CMOS":[18],"process.":[19],"The":[20,83],"had":[22],"4,096":[23],"pixels":[24],"disposed":[25],"two-dimensional":[28],"array":[29],"(":[30],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$64\\times":[33],"64$</tex>":[34],")":[35],"and":[36,42],"peripheral":[37],"circuitry":[38],"for":[39,90],"pixel":[40,59],"access":[41],"readout.":[43],"demonstrate":[45,68],"that":[46,69],"the":[47,70,88],"room":[48],"temperature":[49],"probability":[50],"of":[51],"dark":[53,95],"count":[54],"occurring":[55],"at":[56],"single":[58],"vanishes":[60],"when":[61],"perimeter":[62,79],"gating":[63],"is":[64],"used.":[65],"further":[67],"array-wide":[71],"noise":[72],"variance":[73],"decreases":[74],"with":[75,93],"an":[76],"increase":[77],"gate":[80],"voltage":[81],"magnitude.":[82],"proposed":[84],"architecture":[86],"lays":[87],"foundation":[89],"imaging":[92],"negligible":[94],"signal":[96],"non-uniformity":[97],"(DSNU).":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}