{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2912917782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs.2018.8617860","title":"Constant Matrix Multiplication with Ternary Adders","display_name":"Constant Matrix Multiplication with Ternary Adders","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2912917782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs.2018.8617860","mag":"2912917782"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icecs.2018.8617860","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs.2018.8617860","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044651870","display_name":"Martin Hardieck","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106157433","display_name":"University of Kassel","ror":"https://ror.org/04zc7p361","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Martin Hardieck","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kassel, Digital Technology Group, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kassel, Digital Technology Group, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016467458","display_name":"Martin Kumm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-3138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106157433","display_name":"University of Kassel","ror":"https://ror.org/04zc7p361","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Kumm","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kassel, Digital Technology Group, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kassel, Digital Technology Group, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053754764","display_name":"Patrick Sittel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2896-3709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106157433","display_name":"University of Kassel","ror":"https://ror.org/04zc7p361","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Sittel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kassel, Digital Technology Group, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kassel, Digital Technology Group, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002067478","display_name":"Peter Zipf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4725-4246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106157433","display_name":"University of Kassel","ror":"https://ror.org/04zc7p361","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Zipf","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kassel, Digital Technology Group, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kassel, Digital Technology Group, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044651870"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2575,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5972244,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"85","last_page":"88"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11034","display_name":"Digital Filter Design and Implementation","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adder","display_name":"Adder","score":0.9395942091941833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplication","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","score":0.7263964414596558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ternary-operation","display_name":"Ternary operation","score":0.6315217018127441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","score":0.6222075819969177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-multiplication","display_name":"Matrix multiplication","score":0.6178637146949768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.5961989760398865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5754873752593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carry-save-adder","display_name":"Carry-save adder","score":0.5307528972625732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.4781162142753601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lookup-table","display_name":"Lookup table","score":0.47777998447418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4761640727519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.4586721360683441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.41267693042755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3003847002983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.22745797038078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.061401188373565674}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164620267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376953","display_name":"Adder","level":3,"score":0.9395942091941833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780595030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3860309","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","level":2,"score":0.7263964414596558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64452783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1524945","display_name":"Ternary operation","level":2,"score":0.6315217018127441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.6222075819969177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17349429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049914","display_name":"Matrix multiplication","level":3,"score":0.6178637146949768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5961989760398865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5754873752593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3227080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046770","display_name":"Carry-save adder","level":4,"score":0.5307528972625732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.4781162142753601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134835016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690265","display_name":"Lookup table","level":2,"score":0.47777998447418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4761640727519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.4586721360683441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41267693042755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3003847002983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.22745797038078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.061401188373565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icecs.2018.8617860","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs.2018.8617860","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509855607","https://openalex.org/W1564066534","https://openalex.org/W1594799231","https://openalex.org/W1805462504","https://openalex.org/W2001254103","https://openalex.org/W2010759456","https://openalex.org/W2012077965","https://openalex.org/W2048489765","https://openalex.org/W2063448486","https://openalex.org/W2091210339","https://openalex.org/W2103244632","https://openalex.org/W2106564282","https://openalex.org/W2119529071","https://openalex.org/W2121262603","https://openalex.org/W2164339744","https://openalex.org/W2169484940","https://openalex.org/W2554043083","https://openalex.org/W2611445287","https://openalex.org/W6635434933","https://openalex.org/W6676288403"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2489015823","https://openalex.org/W2766072312","https://openalex.org/W2516396101","https://openalex.org/W2186498568","https://openalex.org/W2129868416","https://openalex.org/W4295540194","https://openalex.org/W2015457513","https://openalex.org/W2364181090","https://openalex.org/W4255416339","https://openalex.org/W2112595260"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Constant":[0],"matrix":[1,10],"multiplication":[2,6,67],"(CMM),":[3],"i.e.,":[4,44],"the":[5,38,54,60],"of":[7,41,56,63],"a":[8,12,15,86],"constant":[9,66],"with":[11,46,80,109],"vector,":[13],"is":[14,69,118],"common":[16],"operation":[17,24],"in":[18,134],"digital":[19],"signal":[20],"processing.":[21],"The":[22,101],"CMM":[23,78,93,108,115],"can":[25,103],"be":[26,104],"realized":[27],"multiplierless":[28,65],"using":[29,130],"only":[30],"additions/subtractions":[31],"and":[32],"bit":[33],"shifts.":[34],"Modern":[35],"FPGAs":[36,96],"support":[37],"efficient":[39],"mapping":[40],"ternary":[42,57,81,99,131],"adders,":[43,132],"adders":[45,58],"three":[47],"inputs.":[48],"Previous":[49],"work":[50,84],"has":[51],"shown":[52,119],"that":[53,121],"usage":[55],"for":[59,95,106],"FPGA":[61],"implementation":[62],"other":[64],"problems":[68],"very":[70],"beneficial.":[71],"However,":[72],"no":[73],"algorithm":[74,102],"exists":[75],"to":[76,90],"optimize":[77],"operations":[79,124],"adders.":[82,100],"This":[83],"proposes":[85],"novel":[87],"heuristic":[88],"approach":[89],"further":[91],"reduce":[92],"complexity":[94],"by":[97,129],"exploiting":[98],"targeted":[105],"combinatorial":[107],"minimal":[110],"depth":[111],"or":[112],"fully":[113],"pipelined":[114],"operations.":[116],"It":[117],"experimentally":[120],"30%":[122],"less":[123],"are":[125],"needed":[126],"on":[127],"average":[128],"resulting":[133],"11%":[135],"LUT":[136],"reductions.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}