{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2132395751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs.2009.5410768","title":"Low phase-noise VCO utilizing NMOS symmetric load for Frequency-based Delta-Sigma Modulators","display_name":"Low phase-noise VCO utilizing NMOS symmetric load for Frequency-based Delta-Sigma Modulators","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2132395751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs.2009.5410768","mag":"2132395751"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icecs.2009.5410768","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs.2009.5410768","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems - (ICECS 2009)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105837607","display_name":"Tuan Vu Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuan Vu Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanoelectronics group, University of Oslo, Norway","Nanoelectronics Group, University of Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanoelectronics group, University of Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanoelectronics Group, University of Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081565415","display_name":"Dag T. Wisland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3678-3946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dag T. Wisland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanoelectronics group, University of Oslo, Norway","Nanoelectronics Group, University of Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanoelectronics group, University of Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanoelectronics Group, University of Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083347038","display_name":"Tor Sverre Lande","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1880-2840"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tor Sverre Lande","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanoelectronics group, University of Oslo, Norway","Nanoelectronics Group, University of Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanoelectronics group, University of Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanoelectronics Group, University of Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043716992","display_name":"Farshad Moradi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7077-8545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farshad Moradi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanoelectronics group, University of Oslo, Norway","Nanoelectronics Group, University of Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanoelectronics group, University of Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanoelectronics Group, University of Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"767","last_page":"770"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nmos-logic","display_name":"NMOS logic","score":0.9474482536315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.9465882778167725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pmos-logic","display_name":"PMOS logic","score":0.8153387308120728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.7525674104690552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6171107292175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrator","display_name":"Integrator","score":0.5825425386428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.47354856133461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delta-sigma-modulation","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","score":0.46073195338249207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.435134619474411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4348275661468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.42844730615615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3822074234485626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.37250009179115295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.35135650634765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26558518409729004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.23811915516853333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197162436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83908","display_name":"NMOS logic","level":4,"score":0.9474482536315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.9465882778167725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27050352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173605","display_name":"PMOS logic","level":4,"score":0.8153387308120728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.7525674104690552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6171107292175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79518650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081431","display_name":"Integrator","level":3,"score":0.5825425386428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.47354856133461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68754193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184820","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","level":3,"score":0.46073195338249207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.435134619474411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4348275661468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.42844730615615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3822074234485626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.37250009179115295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.35135650634765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26558518409729004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23811915516853333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icecs.2009.5410768","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs.2009.5410768","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems - (ICECS 2009)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527515841","https://openalex.org/W1864703715","https://openalex.org/W1995877583","https://openalex.org/W2068330977","https://openalex.org/W2096699625","https://openalex.org/W2108095030","https://openalex.org/W2110245858","https://openalex.org/W2135441328","https://openalex.org/W2143279081","https://openalex.org/W2153293882","https://openalex.org/W2160723942"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386261925","https://openalex.org/W2048420745","https://openalex.org/W2082944690","https://openalex.org/W2263373136","https://openalex.org/W1914349328","https://openalex.org/W2160067645","https://openalex.org/W2023334077","https://openalex.org/W2005494397","https://openalex.org/W2104885411","https://openalex.org/W2339836056"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,77],"voltage-controlled":[1],"oscillator":[2],"(VCO)":[3],"in":[4],"frequency-based":[5],"delta-sigma":[6],"modulator":[7],"(fdsm)":[8],"systems":[9],"behaves":[10],"as":[11],"a":[12,26,55,82],"voltage-to-phase":[13],"integrator":[14],"converting":[15],"an":[16],"analog":[17],"input":[18],"voltage":[19],"to":[20,72],"phase":[21,28,63],"information.":[22],"In":[23],"this":[24],"paper,":[25],"low":[27],"noise":[29,64],"CMOS":[30,85],"VCO":[31,62],"utilizing":[32],"modified":[33,50],"NMOS":[34,51],"symmetric":[35,52],"load":[36],"and":[37,54],"PMOS":[38,56],"tail":[39,57],"transistor":[40],"for":[41,58],"the":[42,61],"differential":[43],"delay":[44,59],"cells":[45],"is":[46],"presented.":[47],"By":[48],"using":[49,81],"loads":[53],"cells,":[60],"can":[65],"be":[66],"reduced":[67],"over":[68],"10":[69],"dB":[70],"compared":[71],"that":[73],"of":[74],"conventional":[75],"one.":[76],"circuits":[78],"are":[79],"designed":[80],"90":[83],"nm":[84],"process.":[86]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}