{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2110098488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs.2008.4674989","title":"Digital gain balancing technique for sensitive detection of minor gas concentrations","display_name":"Digital gain balancing technique for sensitive detection of minor gas concentrations","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2110098488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs.2008.4674989","mag":"2110098488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icecs.2008.4674989","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs.2008.4674989","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 15th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103218669","display_name":"Sandip Pal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8055-7818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sandip Pal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, UK","[Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Univ. of Manchester, Manchester]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Univ. of Manchester, Manchester]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048454649","display_name":"Paul Wright","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4314-0754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Wright","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, UK","[Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Univ. of Manchester, Manchester]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Univ. of Manchester, Manchester]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081366032","display_name":"H. McCann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2013-3789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugh McCann","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, UK","[Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Univ. of Manchester, Manchester]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Univ. of Manchester, Manchester]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103218669"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1648,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5371532,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"858","last_page":"861"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11111","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11111","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12760","display_name":"Laser Design and Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.6848097443580627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.6761817336082458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.5053844451904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.496938019990921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.47586506605148315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4516651928424835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4485543668270111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.32235556840896606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2586912214756012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22156032919883728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.21656715869903564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1533454954624176}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6848097443580627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.6761817336082458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.5053844451904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.496938019990921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.47586506605148315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4516651928424835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4485543668270111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.32235556840896606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2586912214756012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22156032919883728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21656715869903564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1533454954624176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icecs.2008.4674989","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs.2008.4674989","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 15th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/4723f9b4-060c-43b8-8e09-2669b8de0cb0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/4723f9b4-060c-43b8-8e09-2669b8de0cb0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pal, S, Wright, P & McCann, H 2008, Digital gain balancing technique for sensitive detection of minor gas concentrations. in Proceedings of the 15th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, ICECS 2008|. pp. 858-861, 15th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, ICECS 2008, St. Julian's, 1/07/08. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.2008.4674989","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/4723f9b4-060c-43b8-8e09-2669b8de0cb0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/digital-gain-balancing-technique-for-sensitive-detection-of-minor-gas-concentrations(4723f9b4-060c-43b8-8e09-2669b8de0cb0).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pal, S, Wright, P & McCann, H 2008, Digital gain balancing technique for sensitive detection of minor gas concentrations. in Proceedings of the 15th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, ICECS 2008|. pp. 858-861, 15th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, ICECS 2008, St. Julian's, 1/07/08. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.2008.4674989","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1596202985","https://openalex.org/W1989676671","https://openalex.org/W2002156723","https://openalex.org/W2003374997","https://openalex.org/W2014252516","https://openalex.org/W2029368063","https://openalex.org/W2029827932","https://openalex.org/W2063906249","https://openalex.org/W2066899352","https://openalex.org/W2119741166","https://openalex.org/W2124585275","https://openalex.org/W2126078530","https://openalex.org/W2133151341","https://openalex.org/W2143639126","https://openalex.org/W2151559415","https://openalex.org/W2159442442","https://openalex.org/W4211105962"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378757965","https://openalex.org/W4224903346","https://openalex.org/W1593262897","https://openalex.org/W2372869593","https://openalex.org/W2384194537","https://openalex.org/W2031011156","https://openalex.org/W1991935520","https://openalex.org/W2368745429","https://openalex.org/W2067940999","https://openalex.org/W2314095971"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ultra-sensitive":[0],"detection":[1],"of":[2,12,16,52,55,103,106],"minor":[3],"species":[4,18],"is":[5,43,68,78,98],"important":[6],"in":[7,19,47],"many":[8],"fields.":[9],"The":[10,28],"requirement":[11],"direct":[13],"online":[14],"measurement":[15,37],"gas":[17],"process":[20],"engineering":[21],"motivates":[22],"fast":[23],"measurements":[24],"over":[25],"short":[26],"pathlengths.":[27],"resulting":[29],"high":[30],"bandwidth":[31],"and":[32,70],"low":[33],"absorptions":[34],"reduce":[35],"the":[36,53,104,107],"Signal-to-Noise":[38],"Ratio":[39],"(SNR).":[40],"Our":[41],"target":[42],"to":[44,80],"detect":[45],"CO":[46],"engine":[48],"exhaust":[49],"with":[50,72,83],"sensitivity":[51],"order":[54],"0.05":[56],"ppm-m":[57],"at":[58],"several":[59],"kHz.":[60],"In":[61],"this":[62],"paper,":[63],"a":[64,85,88],"novel":[65],"electronic":[66],"scheme":[67],"discussed":[69],"presented":[71,99],"simulation":[73],"results.":[74],"A":[75,94],"generic":[76],"approach":[77],"followed,":[79],"use":[81],"it":[82],"either":[84],"pulsed":[86],"or":[87],"continuous":[89],"wave":[90],"(CW)":[91],"laser":[92],"source.":[93],"detailed":[95],"noise":[96],"analysis":[97],"for":[100],"improved":[101],"understanding":[102],"SNR":[105],"overall":[108],"scheme.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
