{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2542395412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs.2004.1399652","title":"Improved on/off temporally differentiating address-event imager","display_name":"Improved on/off temporally differentiating address-event imager","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2542395412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs.2004.1399652","mag":"2542395412"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icecs.2004.1399652","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs.2004.1399652","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2004 11th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, 2004. ICECS 2004.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031533107","display_name":"P. Lichtsteiner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12708293","display_name":"SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics","ror":"https://ror.org/002n09z45","country_code":"CH","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12708293"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. Lichtsteiner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Neuroinformatics, ETH Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Neuroinformatics, ETH Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12708293","https://openalex.org/I202697423","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051651857","display_name":"Tobi Delbr\u00fcck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5479-1141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12708293","display_name":"SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics","ror":"https://ror.org/002n09z45","country_code":"CH","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12708293"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Delbruck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Neuroinformatics, ETH Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Neuroinformatics, ETH Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12708293","https://openalex.org/I202697423","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109948310","display_name":"J. Kr\u00e4mer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12708293","display_name":"SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics","ror":"https://ror.org/002n09z45","country_code":"CH","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12708293"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Kramer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Neuroinformatics, ETH Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Neuroinformatics, ETH Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12708293","https://openalex.org/I202697423","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031533107"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12708293","https://openalex.org/I202697423","https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.6206,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9754381,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"211","last_page":"214"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.9039959907531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.6820906400680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.5180020928382874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47554728388786316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.4363096058368683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.38580936193466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3768208622932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.21109837293624878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11067834496498108}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.9039959907531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6820906400680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.5180020928382874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47554728388786316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.4363096058368683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.38580936193466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3768208622932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.21109837293624878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11067834496498108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icecs.2004.1399652","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs.2004.1399652","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2004 11th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, 2004. ICECS 2004.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322278","display_name":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0","ror":"https://ror.org/02hssy432"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1580211680","https://openalex.org/W1818823255","https://openalex.org/W1978213773","https://openalex.org/W2101835388","https://openalex.org/W2114291424","https://openalex.org/W2130651581","https://openalex.org/W2146106467","https://openalex.org/W2163288878","https://openalex.org/W2172704881","https://openalex.org/W6677557051"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014521742","https://openalex.org/W2617868873","https://openalex.org/W3204141294","https://openalex.org/W4386230336","https://openalex.org/W4306968100","https://openalex.org/W3135697610","https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W2171299904","https://openalex.org/W1933211537"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"have":[1],"fabricated":[2],"an":[3,7],"improved":[4],"version":[5],"of":[6,39,66,91],"imager":[8,34,52],"reported":[9],"earlier":[10],"(Kramer,":[11],"J.,":[12],"Int.":[13],"Symp.":[14],"Circuits":[15],"and":[16,28,42,48,96,135,146],"Systems,":[17],"vol.II,":[18],"p.165-8,":[19],"2002),":[20],"primarily":[21],"by":[22,57,110,131,140],"using":[23],"a":[24,117],"better":[25,29],"pixel":[26],"circuit":[27],"layout":[30],"principles.":[31],"The":[32,63,89,107,125],"new":[33],"functions":[35,65],"over":[36],"5":[37],"decades":[38],"background":[40],"illumination":[41],"has":[43,138],"much":[44],"more":[45],"symmetrical":[46],"ON":[47,145],"OFF":[49,147],"responses.":[50],"This":[51],"achieves":[53],"massive":[54],"redundancy":[55],"reduction":[56],"temporally":[58],"differentiating":[59],"the":[60,67,72,84,87,102,136],"image":[61],"contrast.":[62],"ideal":[64],"pixels":[68,126],"are":[69,94,127],"to":[70],"compute":[71],"rectified":[73,95],"derivatives":[74,93],"/sup":[75],"d///sub":[76],"dt/(log":[77],"I)":[78],"=":[79],"(dI/dt)/I,":[80],"where":[81],"I":[82],"is":[83,152],"photocurrent":[85],"in":[86,116],"pixel.":[88],"values":[90],"these":[92],"output":[97],"as":[98],"rate-coded":[99],"events":[100],"on":[101],"AER":[103],"(address-event":[104],"representation)":[105],"bus.":[106],"2.2":[108,111],"mm":[109],"mm,":[112],"chip":[113],"was":[114],"built":[115],"0.35":[118],"/spl":[119,129,133],"mu/m":[120,130,134],"4M":[121],"2P":[122],"CMOS":[123],"process.":[124],"40":[128,132],"array":[137],"32":[139,141],"pixels,":[142],"each":[143],"with":[144],"outputs.":[148],"System":[149],"power":[150],"consumption":[151],"about":[153],"30":[154],"mA":[155],"at":[156],"3.3":[157],"V.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-17T18:11:37.981687","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
