{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391095285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecet58911.2023.10389478","title":"Decentralized Metaverse: Towards a Secure, Autonomous, and Inclusive Virtual World","display_name":"Decentralized Metaverse: Towards a Secure, Autonomous, and Inclusive Virtual World","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391095285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecet58911.2023.10389478"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icecet58911.2023.10389478","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecet58911.2023.10389478","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Energy Technologies (ICECET)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012786887","display_name":"Saeed Hamood Alsamhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2857-6979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188760350","display_name":"Ollscoil na Gaillimhe \u2013 University of Galway","ror":"https://ror.org/03bea9k73","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeed Hamood Alsamhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway,Galway,Ireland","Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway,Galway,Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089032960","display_name":"Ammar Hawbani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1069-3993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125904092","display_name":"Shenyang Aerospace University","ror":"https://ror.org/02423gm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ammar Hawbani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Shenyang Aerospace University,Shenyang,China","School of Computer Science, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shenyang Aerospace University,Shenyang,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091411662","display_name":"Santosh Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2264-9014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138251","display_name":"Indian Institute of Information Technology, Nagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03e2e3s57","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138251"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155265","display_name":"International Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016kfyg29","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155265"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Santosh Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering, IIIT Naya Raipur,Chhattisgarh,India","Computer Science and Engineering, IIIT Naya Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, IIIT Naya Raipur,Chhattisgarh,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138251","https://openalex.org/I4387155265"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, IIIT Naya Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138251","https://openalex.org/I4387155265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075123968","display_name":"Lukasz Porwol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2417-3654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188760350","display_name":"Ollscoil na Gaillimhe \u2013 University of Galway","ror":"https://ror.org/03bea9k73","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lukasz Porwol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway,Galway,Ireland","Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway,Galway,Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027850521","display_name":"Edward Curry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8236-6433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188760350","display_name":"Ollscoil na Gaillimhe \u2013 University of Galway","ror":"https://ror.org/03bea9k73","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward Curry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway,Galway,Ireland","Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway,Galway,Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5428,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84061697,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaverse","display_name":"Metaverse","score":0.9279971122741699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6774317026138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomy","display_name":"Autonomy","score":0.66063392162323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-worlds","display_name":"Social worlds","score":0.48388704657554626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3598873019218445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3457873463630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.33312705159187317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.2772015631198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.1769399344921112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.10559573769569397}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53332860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632041","display_name":"Metaverse","level":3,"score":0.9279971122741699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6774317026138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.66063392162323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985059025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4430254","display_name":"Social worlds","level":2,"score":0.48388704657554626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3598873019218445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3457873463630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.33312705159187317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.2772015631198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1769399344921112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.10559573769569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icecet58911.2023.10389478","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecet58911.2023.10389478","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Energy Technologies (ICECET)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126514505","https://openalex.org/W2154703456","https://openalex.org/W2734479159","https://openalex.org/W2789779989","https://openalex.org/W2892018721","https://openalex.org/W2902354764","https://openalex.org/W2913550731","https://openalex.org/W2923088732","https://openalex.org/W2994802934","https://openalex.org/W3003950977","https://openalex.org/W3115892855","https://openalex.org/W3206525235","https://openalex.org/W4211092666","https://openalex.org/W4287851275","https://openalex.org/W4294891500","https://openalex.org/W4310874958","https://openalex.org/W4312313845","https://openalex.org/W4312940001","https://openalex.org/W4320517799","https://openalex.org/W4322490624","https://openalex.org/W4387487156","https://openalex.org/W4387870504","https://openalex.org/W6800820012","https://openalex.org/W6802749020","https://openalex.org/W6850477946"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535133053","https://openalex.org/W4226400300","https://openalex.org/W4389398074","https://openalex.org/W4283641732","https://openalex.org/W4401618077","https://openalex.org/W2020783814","https://openalex.org/W4366224331","https://openalex.org/W4394881385","https://openalex.org/W4390295933","https://openalex.org/W2248423326"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,16],"metaverse":[1,23,60,117],"is":[2],"a":[3,22,36,48,53,58,93,115],"universal":[4],"and":[5,30,42,65,77,84,97,109,121],"immersive":[6],"virtual":[7,75,99],"world,":[8],"which":[9],"are":[10],"components":[11],"of":[12,106],"cyber-physical-social":[13],"systems":[14],"(CPSS).":[15],"traditional":[17],"centralized":[18],"approach":[19],"to":[20,26,91],"building":[21,57,114],"poses":[24],"risks":[25],"user":[27,63],"privacy,":[28],"security,":[29,62],"autonomy.":[31],"A":[32],"growing":[33],"movement":[34],"towards":[35],"decentralized":[37,78,116],"metaverse,":[38],"built":[39],"on":[40,71],"blockchain":[41],"distributed":[43],"networks,":[44],"has":[45],"emerged":[46],"as":[47],"response.":[49],"This":[50],"paper":[51],"presents":[52],"conceptual":[54],"framework":[55,102],"for":[56,113],"de-centralized":[59],"emphasising":[61],"autonomy,":[64],"inclusivity":[66],"within":[67],"situation-aware":[68],"CPSS.":[69],"Drawing":[70],"literature":[72],"from":[73],"blockchain,":[74],"worlds,":[76],"systems,":[79],"we":[80],"explore":[81],"the":[82,104],"technical":[83],"regulatory":[85],"challenges":[86],"that":[87,118],"must":[88],"be":[89],"addressed":[90],"create":[92],"more":[94],"secure,":[95],"autonomous,":[96],"inclusive":[98],"world.":[100],"Our":[101],"highlights":[103],"importance":[105],"community-driven":[107],"governance":[108],"transparent":[110],"data":[111],"management":[112],"empowers":[119],"users":[120],"promotes":[122],"collaboration.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}