{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2968548058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ice.2019.8792607","title":"Monetizing Industry 4.0: Design Principles for Subscription Business in the Manufacturing Industry","display_name":"Monetizing Industry 4.0: Design Principles for Subscription Business in the Manufacturing Industry","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2968548058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ice.2019.8792607","mag":"2968548058"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ice.2019.8792607","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ice.2019.8792607","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071183955","display_name":"G\u00fcnther Schuh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-0701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gunther Schuh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Industrial Management (FIR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Industrial Management (FIR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109509353","display_name":"Jana Frank","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jana Frank","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Industrial Management (FIR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Industrial Management (FIR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072964713","display_name":"Philipp Jussen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Jussen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Industrial Management (FIR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Industrial Management (FIR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090183946","display_name":"Calvin Rix","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Calvin Rix","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Industrial Management (FIR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Industrial Management (FIR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027438905","display_name":"Tobias Harland","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Harland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Industrial Management (FIR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Industrial Management (FIR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2663,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9380364,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11114","display_name":"Service and Product Innovation","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11114","display_name":"Service and Product Innovation","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12885","display_name":"Digital Innovation in Industries","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-model","display_name":"Business model","score":0.6564114093780518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing","display_name":"Manufacturing","score":0.6184757947921753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenue","display_name":"Revenue","score":0.6016075015068054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.5453115105628967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4750808775424957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.4563260078430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.4550155699253082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-engineering","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","score":0.38943520188331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3630988895893097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.2743324041366577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.163682758808136}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4216890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815823","display_name":"Business model","level":2,"score":0.6564114093780518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175700187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187939","display_name":"Manufacturing","level":2,"score":0.6184757947921753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.6016075015068054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5453115105628967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4750808775424957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.4563260078430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.4550155699253082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.38943520188331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3630988895893097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.2743324041366577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.163682758808136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ice.2019.8792607","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ice.2019.8792607","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:epub.fir.de:1242","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://epub.fir.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/1242","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055219","display_name":"Publication Server of FIR e. V. an der RWTH Aachen","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"doc-type:conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W279724836","https://openalex.org/W581858677","https://openalex.org/W2094343961","https://openalex.org/W2167928095","https://openalex.org/W2430657700","https://openalex.org/W2487836307","https://openalex.org/W2582377764","https://openalex.org/W2614377478","https://openalex.org/W2753968588","https://openalex.org/W2768025508","https://openalex.org/W2798465067","https://openalex.org/W2900474234","https://openalex.org/W3123397884","https://openalex.org/W4240020748","https://openalex.org/W6751121815"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4310173797","https://openalex.org/W2347538703","https://openalex.org/W2371481997","https://openalex.org/W2359599927","https://openalex.org/W2366738226","https://openalex.org/W2376926929","https://openalex.org/W4390224881","https://openalex.org/W2366704377","https://openalex.org/W2907002303","https://openalex.org/W2056881311"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Subscription":[0],"business":[1,35,56,102],"models":[2,36,60,127],"have":[3],"a":[4,49,69,74,79,87,100],"major":[5,109],"role":[6],"for":[7,12,150],"monetizing":[8],"products":[9],"and":[10,47,68,78,148,156],"services":[11],"manufacturing":[13,23,52,92,130,144],"companies":[14,93],"in":[15,128],"the":[16,22,31,64,83,97,129,159],"age":[17],"of":[18,33,111],"Industry":[19],"4.0.":[20],"As":[21],"industry":[24],"has":[25],"difficulties":[26],"generating":[27],"revenues":[28],"through":[29],"digitalization,":[30],"implementation":[32],"innovative":[34],"are":[37,44],"essential":[38],"to":[39,94],"remain":[40],"successful.":[41],"Physical":[42],"assets":[43],"often":[45],"capital-intensive":[46],"require":[48],"more":[50],"complex":[51],"process":[53],"than":[54],"subscription":[55,59,101,126],"models.":[57],"Moreover,":[58],"can":[61],"focus":[62],"on":[63],"individual":[65],"customer":[66],"benefit":[67],"consistent":[70],"service":[71],"transformation,":[72],"constituting":[73],"unique":[75],"selling":[76],"proposition":[77],"competitive":[80],"advantage.":[81],"Hence,":[82],"following":[84],"paper":[85],"provides":[86],"management":[88,105,160],"model":[89,106],"that":[90,119],"enables":[91],"successfully":[95],"realize":[96],"transformation":[98],"towards":[99],"model.":[103,161],"The":[104],"presents":[107],"four":[108],"fields":[110],"action,":[112],"each":[113],"matched":[114],"with":[115,125],"one":[116],"design":[117],"principle":[118],"must":[120],"be":[121],"considered":[122],"when":[123],"dealing":[124],"industry.":[131],"These":[132],"principles":[133],"were":[134,152],"determined":[135],"by":[136],"an":[137],"in-depth":[138],"case":[139],"study":[140],"analysis":[141],"among":[142],"various":[143],"companies.":[145],"Opportunities,":[146],"challenges":[147],"recommendations":[149],"action":[151],"then":[153],"systematically":[154],"derived":[155],"integrated":[157],"into":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-17T06:14:20.161405","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}