{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2885674783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ice.2018.8436362","title":"3D Printing: An Analysis of Emerging Business Models","display_name":"3D Printing: An Analysis of Emerging Business Models","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2885674783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ice.2018.8436362","mag":"2885674783"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ice.2018.8436362","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ice.2018.8436362","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059766845","display_name":"Helen Rogers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2770-4513"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100612","display_name":"Georg Simon Ohm University of Applied Sciences Nuremberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00nggaz43","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100612"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Helen Rogers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Hochschule N\u00fcrnberg, Nuremberg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Hochschule N\u00fcrnberg, Nuremberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006545624","display_name":"Daniel Pirner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100612","display_name":"Georg Simon Ohm University of Applied Sciences Nuremberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00nggaz43","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100612"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Pirner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Hochschule N\u00fcrnberg, Nuremberg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Hochschule N\u00fcrnberg, Nuremberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011441514","display_name":"Rok Mlakar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100612","display_name":"Georg Simon Ohm University of Applied Sciences Nuremberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00nggaz43","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100612"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rok Mlakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Hochschule N\u00fcrnberg, Nuremberg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Hochschule N\u00fcrnberg, Nuremberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100612"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070128087","display_name":"Kulwant S. Pawar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8830-1024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kulwant S. Pawar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Concurrent Enterprise, Nottingham University Business School, Nottingham, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Concurrent Enterprise, Nottingham University Business School, Nottingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059766845"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100612"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7373,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74718,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11159","display_name":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.977400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain","display_name":"Supply chain","score":0.6338973045349121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-model","display_name":"Business model","score":0.6251500844955444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6247332096099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain-management","display_name":"Supply chain management","score":0.5440989136695862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.46775126457214355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raising","display_name":"Raising (metalworking)","score":0.46042749285697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.41632312536239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39092400670051575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.2634124755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21675443649291992}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.6338973045349121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4216890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815823","display_name":"Business model","level":2,"score":0.6251500844955444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6247332096099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44104985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492886","display_name":"Supply chain management","level":3,"score":0.5440989136695862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.46775126457214355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780589192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7285140","display_name":"Raising (metalworking)","level":2,"score":0.46042749285697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.41632312536239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39092400670051575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.2634124755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21675443649291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ice.2018.8436362","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ice.2018.8436362","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323214","display_name":"Staedtler Stiftung","ror":"https://ror.org/04088fk89"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1268996975","https://openalex.org/W1808668208","https://openalex.org/W1857853684","https://openalex.org/W1980855375","https://openalex.org/W2064299621","https://openalex.org/W2136071264","https://openalex.org/W2155943302","https://openalex.org/W2164314939","https://openalex.org/W2531622796","https://openalex.org/W2579744858","https://openalex.org/W2592096837","https://openalex.org/W2608806524","https://openalex.org/W4226490946"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2349031816","https://openalex.org/W1985929414","https://openalex.org/W2354572397","https://openalex.org/W2286952125","https://openalex.org/W2983500849","https://openalex.org/W3024999678","https://openalex.org/W2535281349","https://openalex.org/W388184414","https://openalex.org/W2026811664","https://openalex.org/W3168196626"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"still":[1],"being":[2,15],"in":[3,52,70],"the":[4,53],"early":[5],"stages":[6],"of":[7,55],"commercialisation,":[8],"3D":[9],"Printing":[10],"(3DP)":[11],"is":[12,49],"transitioning":[13],"from":[14],"a":[16,22],"`nice":[17],"to":[18,20],"have'":[19,24],"becoming":[21],"`must":[23],"for":[25,57,63,74,86],"ever":[26],"more":[27],"manufacturing":[28],"organisations.":[29],"This":[30,47],"paper":[31,78],"looks":[32],"at":[33],"this":[34],"journey,":[35],"highlighting":[36],"market":[37,45],"volumes":[38],"and":[39],"growth":[40],"predictions,":[41],"as":[42,44],"well":[43],"trends.":[46],"information":[48],"then":[50],"put":[51],"context":[54],"implications":[56],"supply":[58,64],"chain":[59,65],"management,":[60],"raising":[61],"questions":[62],"managers":[66],"who":[67],"are":[68],"interested":[69],"developing":[71],"business":[72,89],"models":[73,90],"3DP":[75],"implementation.":[76],"The":[77],"finishes":[79],"by":[80],"discussing":[81],"what":[82],"potential":[83],"options":[84],"exist":[85],"these":[87],"emerging":[88]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
