{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2786031603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ice.2017.8279983","title":"Moving from targeted acquisition to urban area modelling \u2014 increasing the scale of point cloud processing","display_name":"Moving from targeted acquisition to urban area modelling \u2014 increasing the scale of point cloud processing","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2786031603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ice.2017.8279983","mag":"2786031603"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ice.2017.8279983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ice.2017.8279983","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306498191","display_name":"2017 International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030908748","display_name":"Matt Courtney","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121317","display_name":"Centre for Sustainable Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/02z06eb16","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matt Courtney","raw_affiliation_strings":["BRE Trust Centre for Sustainable Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BRE Trust Centre for Sustainable Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121317","https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072302612","display_name":"Yacine Rezgui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5711-8400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121317","display_name":"Centre for Sustainable Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/02z06eb16","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yacine Rezgui","raw_affiliation_strings":["BRE Trust Centre for Sustainable Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BRE Trust Centre for Sustainable Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121317","https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tom Beach","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121317","display_name":"Centre for Sustainable Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/02z06eb16","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom Beach","raw_affiliation_strings":["BRE Trust Centre for Sustainable Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BRE Trust Centre for Sustainable Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121317","https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059639012","display_name":"Jean-Laurent Hippolyte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5263-2881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121317","display_name":"Centre for Sustainable Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/02z06eb16","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Laurent Hippolyte","raw_affiliation_strings":["BRE Trust Centre for Sustainable Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BRE Trust Centre for Sustainable Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121317","https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089380488","display_name":"Jonathan Reynolds","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9106-9246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121317","display_name":"Centre for Sustainable Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/02z06eb16","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Reynolds","raw_affiliation_strings":["BRE Trust Centre for Sustainable Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BRE Trust Centre for Sustainable Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121317","https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030908748"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121317","https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16283925,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":null,"first_page":"938","last_page":"946"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11006","display_name":"BIM and Construction Integration","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation","display_name":"Documentation","score":0.7229254841804504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.709400475025177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6848809719085693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.6372693777084351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.624789297580719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6014211773872375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.5383978486061096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.48634010553359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4355791211128235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4268546402454376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3762291371822357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3552059233188629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2212407886981964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.18765097856521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.18018513917922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16463342308998108}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.7229254841804504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.709400475025177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6848809719085693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.6372693777084351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.624789297580719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6014211773872375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.5383978486061096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.48634010553359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4355791211128235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4268546402454376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3762291371822357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3552059233188629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2212407886981964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.18765097856521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.18018513917922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16463342308998108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ice.2017.8279983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ice.2017.8279983","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306498191","display_name":"2017 International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:109828","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/109828/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W155419516","https://openalex.org/W1531929932","https://openalex.org/W1981564077","https://openalex.org/W1989502406","https://openalex.org/W2013490756","https://openalex.org/W2017585657","https://openalex.org/W2033552406","https://openalex.org/W2035850930","https://openalex.org/W2038923142","https://openalex.org/W2063111473","https://openalex.org/W2076278319","https://openalex.org/W2080797126","https://openalex.org/W2109574129","https://openalex.org/W2141188933","https://openalex.org/W2152864241","https://openalex.org/W2158261750","https://openalex.org/W2336820669","https://openalex.org/W2349179172","https://openalex.org/W4293802819","https://openalex.org/W6703660679","https://openalex.org/W6842536475"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2618286804","https://openalex.org/W2329643025","https://openalex.org/W2002770077","https://openalex.org/W3131163342","https://openalex.org/W2092256833","https://openalex.org/W2142369114","https://openalex.org/W2361728394","https://openalex.org/W2166271660","https://openalex.org/W3089582840","https://openalex.org/W2352631095"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Handling":[0],"real":[1],"world,":[2],"acquired":[3],"point":[4,108,330,347],"cloud":[5,109,331,348],"data":[6,95],"within":[7,47,186],"a":[8,19,39,87,114,156,174,181,219,284,310,313,329,353],"sector":[9],"such":[10,204,240],"as":[11,205,241],"architecture,":[12],"engineering,":[13],"and":[14,60,97,101,111,146,166,208,297,351],"construction":[15],"(AEC)":[16],"is":[17,27,213,245,252,257,321],"currently":[18],"difficult":[20,217],"task.":[21],"A":[22,130,231],"highly":[23],"desirable,":[24],"future":[25,209,249],"goal":[26],"to":[28,77,119,127,169,225,261,340],"fully":[29],"automate":[30],"the":[31,53,66,71,79,82,121,141,147,194,226,229,242,259,263,277,324,359],"scan-to-BIM":[32,72,301],"process":[33,73,128,133,302],"which":[34],"at":[35,173],"this":[36,48],"time":[37],"has":[38],"high":[40],"dependency":[41],"on":[42],"manual":[43],"work":[44],"effort.":[45],"Improvements":[46],"workflow":[49],"will":[50,272,282,306],"speed":[51],"up":[52],"production":[54],"of":[55,68,81,104,113,123,143,149,183,193,221,228,248,267,287,312,315,323,328],"detailed":[56],"3d":[57],"building":[58,250],"models":[59],"reduce":[61,198],"associated":[62,200,344],"costs.":[63],"By":[64],"increasing":[65],"level":[67,148],"automation":[69,303],"in":[70,132,238,276,293,358],"it":[74,212,256],"becomes":[75],"possible":[76],"speculate":[78],"expansion":[80],"typical":[83],"use":[84],"case":[85,285],"from":[86,152,270],"single":[88,115],"structure,":[89],"targeted":[90],"acquisition":[91],"towards":[92],"urban":[93,106,289],"area":[94,107,290],"collection":[96],"modelling.":[98],"The":[99,335],"scale":[100],"characteristic":[102],"differences":[103],"an":[105,153,163,167,288,299],"dataset":[110],"that":[112,234,246],"structure":[116],"create":[117],"opportunities":[118],"validate":[120],"applicability":[122],"novel":[124],"analytical":[125],"approaches":[126,342],"automation.":[129],"decrease":[131],"complexity":[134],"could":[135],"be":[136,236,307],"achieved":[137],"by":[138,155,218,309],"reducing":[139],"both":[140],"depth":[142],"prerequisite":[144],"knowledge":[145],"intervention":[150],"expected":[151],"operator":[154,171],"modelling":[157,192,291],"platform.":[158],"This":[159,280,305,319],"would":[160],"also":[161],"provide":[162,352],"alternative":[164],"perspective":[165],"opportunity":[168],"model":[170],"tasks":[172,350],"higher,":[175],"more":[176,216],"abstract":[177,300],"level.":[178],"There":[179],"lacks":[180],"completeness":[182],"modern":[184],"documentation":[185,223],"preexisting":[187],"civil":[188],"structures.":[189],"Building":[190],"information":[191],"as-built":[195,265],"condition":[196,266],"can":[197,235],"overheads":[199],"with":[201,345],"key":[202],"areas":[203],"collaboration,":[206],"maintenance,":[207],"modifications.":[210],"However,":[211],"often":[214],"made":[215],"lack":[220],"accurate":[222],"due":[224],"age":[227],"building.":[230],"common":[232],"trend":[233],"observed":[237],"countries":[239],"United":[243],"Kingdom":[244],"much":[247],"stock":[251],"already":[253],"standing.":[254],"Therefore,":[255],"apparent":[258],"need":[260],"record":[262],"detailed,":[264],"structures":[268],"essentially":[269],"scratch":[271],"not":[273],"resolve":[274],"itself":[275],"near":[278,360],"future.":[279,361],"paper":[281,320],"overview":[283],"study":[286],"conducted":[292],"Ebbw":[294],"Vale,":[295],"Wales":[296],"introduces":[298],"methodology.":[304],"supported":[308],"review":[311],"selection":[314],"applied":[316],"research":[317],"literature.":[318],"part":[322],"early":[325],"development":[326,357],"stages":[327],"processing":[332,349],"platform,":[333],"pcl_toolkit.":[334],"command":[336],"line":[337],"software":[338],"aims":[339],"simplify":[341],"commonly":[343],"various":[346],"foundation":[354],"for":[355],"rapid":[356]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}