{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405522287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ice/itmc61926.2024.10794310","title":"Railway Skill Development for the Fourth Industrial Revolution: A Systematic Review of Developing Countries","display_name":"Railway Skill Development for the Fourth Industrial Revolution: A Systematic Review of Developing Countries","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405522287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ice/itmc61926.2024.10794310"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ice/itmc61926.2024.10794310","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ice/itmc61926.2024.10794310","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology, and Innovation (ICE/ITMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115525300","display_name":"Oluyinka Ogunmodede","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oluyinka Ogunmodede","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stellenbosch University,Industrial Engineering,Cape Town,South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stellenbosch University,Industrial Engineering,Cape Town,South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050853816","display_name":"P.N. Zincume","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6041-8167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philani Nduna Zincume","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stellenbosch University,Industrial Engineering,Cape Town,South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stellenbosch University,Industrial Engineering,Cape Town,South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115525300"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5559,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77621757,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10164","display_name":"Quality and Supply Management","score":0.7738999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10164","display_name":"Quality and Supply Management","score":0.7738999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13439","display_name":"Transport and Economic Policies","score":0.703000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13706","display_name":"Management and Optimization Techniques","score":0.652899980545044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-revolution","display_name":"Industrial Revolution","score":0.5465474128723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/development","display_name":"Development (topology)","score":0.48867562413215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4484555125236511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3766455352306366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.14837214350700378}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C517468935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2269","display_name":"Industrial Revolution","level":2,"score":0.5465474128723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5266672","display_name":"Development (topology)","level":2,"score":0.48867562413215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4484555125236511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3766455352306366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.14837214350700378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ice/itmc61926.2024.10794310","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ice/itmc61926.2024.10794310","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology, and Innovation (ICE/ITMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2941880117","https://openalex.org/W2971756105","https://openalex.org/W2985098161","https://openalex.org/W2986972357","https://openalex.org/W2991483374","https://openalex.org/W2998583581","https://openalex.org/W3000288126","https://openalex.org/W3042008767","https://openalex.org/W3045814977","https://openalex.org/W3046077836","https://openalex.org/W3111071679","https://openalex.org/W3111256033","https://openalex.org/W3122049217","https://openalex.org/W3168904203","https://openalex.org/W3190100743","https://openalex.org/W4206490031","https://openalex.org/W4224233219","https://openalex.org/W4281620845","https://openalex.org/W4285086367","https://openalex.org/W4308248750","https://openalex.org/W4316494436","https://openalex.org/W4365936088","https://openalex.org/W4366279021"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,193],"Fourth":[1],"Industrial":[2],"Revolution":[3],"(4IR)":[4],"has":[5],"introduced":[6],"a":[7,39,51,72,78,101,141,147,263],"new":[8,15,22,61],"wave":[9],"of":[10,65,91,103,162,175],"technologies":[11,46],"which":[12],"have":[13,25,97],"instigated":[14],"skills":[16,218,255],"for":[17,31,74,115,225],"the":[18,45,60,68,116,159,208,215,222,250],"future":[19],"workforce.":[20],"These":[21],"skill":[23,153,181,185,191,205,226,238,268],"requirements":[24],"presented":[26],"both":[27],"opportunities":[28,35],"and":[29,67,105,188,220,246],"challenges":[30],"entities;":[32],"while":[33],"potential":[34,251],"exist":[36],"in":[37,55,59,107,125,158,169,179,244,266],"gaining":[38],"competitive":[40],"edge":[41],"via":[42],"leveraging":[43],"on":[44],"to":[47,80,144,190,202,212,253,260],"maximise":[48],"economic":[49,82,113],"benefits,":[50],"major":[52],"challenge":[53],"exists":[54],"upskilling":[56],"today's":[57],"workforce":[58],"technologies.":[62],"Seamless":[63],"transportation":[64],"commodities":[66],"labour":[69],"force":[70],"is":[71,129,211],"priority":[73],"developing":[75,95,127,163,245],"countries":[76,96],"with":[77],"vision":[79],"boost":[81],"activities":[83],"that":[84,198],"will":[85,110],"eventually":[86],"translate":[87,111],"into":[88,112],"better":[89],"standards":[90],"living.":[92],"Hence,":[93],"many":[94],"adopted":[98,201,241],"rail":[99,108,120],"as":[100,140,262],"mode":[102],"transport":[104],"improvements":[106],"operations":[109],"benefits":[114],"state.":[117],"South":[118,138],"Africa's":[119],"sector,":[121],"just":[122],"like":[123],"those":[124],"other":[126],"countries,":[128],"impacted":[130],"by":[131,234,242],"4IR":[132,152,176,180,184,204,217,254],"technologies;":[133],"consequently,":[134],"this":[135],"study":[136,143],"uses":[137],"Africa":[139],"case":[142],"outline":[145],"through":[146],"systematic":[148],"literature":[149],"review,":[150],"how":[151],"development":[154,186,206,227,239,256,269],"can":[155,199,230],"be":[156,200,232,258],"achieved":[157],"railway":[160],"sector":[161],"countries.":[164],"Four":[165],"themes":[166,194],"were":[167],"identified":[168],"reviewed":[170],"literature;":[171],"these":[172],"include":[173],"identification":[174],"skills,":[177],"stakeholders":[178,224],"development,":[182],"existing":[183,237],"approaches,":[187],"barriers":[189,252],"development.":[192],"reveal":[195],"practical":[196],"methods":[197],"drive":[203],"initiatives;":[207],"proposed":[209],"order":[210],"first":[213],"identify":[214,221],"required":[216],"needed":[219],"responsible":[223],"initiatives.":[228],"This":[229],"then":[231],"followed":[233],"learning":[235],"from":[236],"approaches":[240],"organisations":[243],"developed":[247],"countries;":[248],"finally,":[249],"should":[257],"considered":[259],"serve":[261],"proactive":[264],"measure":[265],"mitigating":[267],"barriers.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-23T23:11:35.936235","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}